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Chemistry > Module 2 - foundations in chemistry > Flashcards

Module 2 - foundations in chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the standard conditions for 1 mol of any gas?

A

298 K 25 C
100 kPa

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2
Q

What is the equation for volume of gas?

A

V = n x 24 dm mol -1

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3
Q

How do you convert from cm3 to dm3?

A

x/1000

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4
Q

What is the ideal gas equation?

A

PV=nRT
P=pressure Pa V=volume m3 n=moles R=8.31 T=temperature K

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5
Q

How to convert C to K (temp)?

A

K=273 + C

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6
Q

What is volume proportional to?

A

Moles

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7
Q

What is the equation for percentage yeild?

A

actual yeild/theoretical yeild x 100

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8
Q

What is the equation for atom economy?

A

Mr desired/mr all x 100

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9
Q

What are some environmental and economic benefits of high atom economy?

A

Avoiding waste
High sustainability
More profitable
High efficiency

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10
Q

What is an example of an acid test

A

Fizzing CaCO3 dissapears

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11
Q

How many orbiatls and electrons are in each subshell?

A

s 1 2
p 3 6
d 5 10
f 7 14

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12
Q

What shapes are the s and p orbitals?

A

s orbital - sphere
p orbital - dumbell

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13
Q

What are ionic compounds?

A

Salts:metal + non metal

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14
Q

How do you draw a dot and cross diagram for an ionic compound and what are their physical properties?

A

Square bracket with charge around ion
High melting point
soluble in water
conduct electricity in solution or when molten

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15
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

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16
Q

How do you draw a dot and cross diagram for covalent compounds?
What are their physical properties?

A

Overlapping circles
Low melting point
not soluble in water
not conducting electricity

17
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Strong electrostatic attraction between two nuclei and the shared pair of electrons

18
Q

What is a dative covalent bond?

A

Both electrons come from one atom

19
Q

What is the shape of a molecule dependant on?

A

Number of electron pairs (bonds, lone pairs)

20
Q

What is the name and bond angle of a central atom with 2 partners?

A

Linear
180

21
Q

What is the name and bond angle of one central atom with 3 partners?

A

trigonal planar
120

22
Q

What is the name and bond angle of one central atom with 4 partners?

A

Tetrahedral 109.5
draw straight line bonds next to eachother

23
Q

What is the name and bond angle of one central atom with 3 partners and one lone pair?

A

Trigonal pyramidal 107

24
Q

What is the name and bond angle of one central atom with 2 partners and 2 lone pairs?

A

bent/non linear 104.5

25
Q

What is the name and bond angle of one central atom with 5 partners?

A

trigonal bipyramidal 120 and 90

26
Q

What is the name and bod angle of one central atom with 6 partners?

A

octahedral 90

27
Q

Define electronegativity

A

Ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond

28
Q

Define ionisation energy

A

energy required to remove one electron from one mole of gaseous atoms

29
Q

When does a big jump occur?

A

when a new shell is broken into (closer to nucleus)

30
Q

What is a permenant dipole permenant dipole

A

contain polar bonds due to different electronegativities

31
Q

What are induced dipole dipole interactions: London forces

A

Non polar molecules contain no polar bonds

32
Q

What are temporary/instantaneous dipoles dependant on?

A

Number of electrons
Surface area
points of contact

33
Q

What is important to remember when drawing a hydrogen bond?

A

Write partial charges on top and draw H-bond as dotted line between H and lone pair of electrons

34
Q

What are some anomalous properties of water?

A

High boiling point
Lower density than ice due to more H-bonds in liquid water
Lattice structure with more space;H bonds longer than covalent bonds

Chemistry (11 decks)

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