Module 2 - External Anatomy Flashcards
brachi-
arm
-tomy
incision (in, or into)
bucc-
cheek
-tome
instrument used to cut (into)
caud-
tail
-scopy
visual examination
celi- cel- lapar- abdomin- ventr- [Latin]
abdomen
-scope
instrument used to make a visual examination [On rare occasion the instrument does not refer to visual examination but to examination by other means]
-plasty
surgical repair
-pathy
disease
-pathic
pertaining to disease; diseased
-ostomy
creation of a passage into (an organ or structure);
creation of a passage between (organ or structure X) and (organ or structure Y)
-metry
measurement (of an organ, structure, function, characteristic, etc.)
-meter
instrument used to measure
cephal-
head
-megaly
enlargement (of an organ or structure)
cervic-
trachel-
neck (ie., any neck within a body structure)
-logy
study (of a subject)
-logical
pertaining to the study (of a subject)
-logist
a specialist in the study (of a subject)
cheil-
labi-
lip; labium
-graphy
a recording
-graph
instrument used to record
-gram
a record
cheir-
chir-
hand
-ectomy
excision; surgical removal
-ectomize
to excise; to cut out; to remove
-ectome
instrument used to excise [ie. to cut out]
crur-
leg; leg-like structure; thigh
-cele
protrusion from (an organ or other structure); protrusion filled with (a substance)
dactyl-
digit; finger; toe
-algia
pain (in)
derm-
dermat-
skin
-ize (-ise)
Suffix which creates a verb, as in “to (do something)”
Some possible renderings, depending on context, include “to make X”, “to become X”, “to cause X to occur”, “to subject X to”, or “to engage in X”
- ic
- tic
- al
- ical
- ac
- ar
- ary
- eal
- ine
- ile
- ous
Suffixes which create an adjective.
Most usually the meaning can be conveyed by the phrases “pertaining to” or “located in,” but it will depend upon context; in many instances neither of these phrases can be used. This situation is particularly true when the adjective is modifying a noun in a phrase. Other possibilities to consider, based on the context, include “characterized by” or even just “of”.
- ia
- y
Suffixes which create a noun: a state of being, a process or act, a syndrome, a symptom, etc.
Very often the suffix does not need a specific translation; if context requires, however, it could be rendered as either “condition” or “condition characterized by,” but the translation will depend upon the context.
No single definition is possible, and so you must use
context to decide on what kind of noun is being created
gnath-
jaw
-ous
containing
inguin-
groin
- osis
- ism
- iasis
These suffixes form a noun and indicate a state of being, one which is usually (but not necessarily) negative or abnormal in character.
Most usually, use or expect to see either of these in definitions given:
a. disorder (of an organ, structure, function, characteristic); or
b. condition characterised by/caused by (a substance)
Frequently, however, these phrases will not be appropriate to the context (the word “condition” may be an appropriate rendering in some contexts).
Note also that -osis is the most commonly used of these three suffixes; you must use -osis when creating a term using these meanings, unless directed otherwise.
later-
the side [ie. of the body, or of an organ or structure]
-oid
resembling; like
lumb-
loin
-itis
inflammation
ment-
chin
-ist
a specialist (in a subject)
om-
shoulder
-ics
study (of a subject)
[The termination -logy is more commonly and should be used, unless one is specifically directed to use this suffix.]
omphal- [Greek]
umbilic- [Latin]
navel; umbilicus
-ate
having; having the form of
-ad
moving in a direction towards [first root is origin, second root is the end point]
thorac-
steth-
pector-
chest; thorax
path-
disease
pod-
ped-
foot
soma-
somat-
body
sarc-
flesh
