Module 2 Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Sufficient cause

A

A minimum set of conditions without one of which the disease would not occur.

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2
Q

Component cause

A

A factor that contributes towards dis-ease causation, but is not sufficient to cause disease on its own.

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3
Q

Necessary cause

A

A factor or component cause that must be present for the disease to occur.

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4
Q

Primary Prevention

A

Limits the occurrence of disease by controlling specific causes and risk factors

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5
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

Reduces the most serious consequences of disease

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6
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

Reduces the progress of complications of the established disease.

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7
Q

Screening

A

Identifying risk factors for disease or unrecognised disease by applying tests on a large scale to a population.

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8
Q

Sensitivity

A

The likelihood of a positive test in those with the disease.

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9
Q

Specificity

A

The likelihood of a negative test in those without the disease

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10
Q

PPV

A

The probability to having disease if the test is positive.

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11
Q

NPV

A

The probability of not having the disease if the test is negative

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12
Q

Lead time bias

A

The apparent increase in life expectancy / lead time due to early detection of disease

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13
Q

Length time bias

A

Calculating mean survival from screened patients gives the impression of longer average survival that occurs in the population

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14
Q

Attributable risk

A

The amount of extra disease attributable to a particular risk factor in the exposed group.

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15
Q

Population attributable risk

A

The amount of extra disease attributable to a particular risk factor in a particular population.

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