Module 1 (Epidemiology) Flashcards

1
Q

Epidemiology definition

A

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

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2
Q

Population definition

A

A group of people who share one or more common features.

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3
Q

Calculation for the frequency of dis-ease

A

Frequency = dis-ease / population

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4
Q

Epidemic definition

A

When the occurrence of dis-ease is clearly in excess of normal.

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5
Q

Cause

A

Any event, characteristic or other definable entity, that brings about a change for better or worse in health.

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6
Q

Downstream Interventions

A

Operate at the micro level. Treatment systems, disease management. Easily changed.

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7
Q

Upstream interventions

A

Operate at macro level. Government policies, international trade agreements. Not easily changed.

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8
Q

Proximal determinants

A

Proximate or near to the change in health status. Eg. Lifestyles related to nutrition.

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9
Q

Distal determinants

A

Either distant in time and or place from the change in health status.

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10
Q

Social capital

A

The value of social networks that facilitated bonds between similar groups of people.

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11
Q

Health inequities

A

Differences in the distribution of resources across populations which do not reflect health needs.

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12
Q

Confounding

A

When the exposure is mixed with another factor that is also associated with the outcome, the study has a bias.

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