Module 1 Definitions

Question 1

Confounding

Answer 1

The bias that happens when the exposure is mixed with another factor that is also associated with the outcome.

Question 2

Confidence Interval

Answer 2

There is a 95% probability that the true value of EGO in the whole population of interest, from which the participants were recruited, lies between A and B.

Question 3

Reverse Causality

Answer 3

The outcome may cause the exposure, rather than the exposure cause the outcome as initially proposed.

Question 4

Regression to the Mean

Answer 4

Repeating measurements or studies with extreme results many times will usually give a less extreme result.

Question 5

Structure

Answer 5

Social and physical environmental conditions that influence choices and opportunities (top 3 hoops)

Question 6

Agency

Answer 6

An individual’s capacity to act independently and make free choices (bottom 2 hoops)