Module 2: Child and Growth Development

Question 1

What is growth?

Answer 1

Quantitive change such as height or weight

Question 2

What is development?

Answer 2

Qualitative change

Question 3

What is percentile growth

Answer 3

A statistical representation of 100 children and their placement within the 100 members of the comparison group

Question 4

If baby is in the 40th percentile for weight what does that mean?

Answer 4

40% of babies weigh the same or less than this baby

60% weigh more

Question 5

What are predictable patterns of growth and development

Answer 5

Continuous, orderly, and progressive

Question 6

How is the development pattern?

Answer 6

Doesn’t occur in the same area/pace. Once a skill has been achieved then the focus will shift to another area

Question 7

How is the growth pattern?

Answer 7

Continuous, orderly and predictable
Periods ofd acceleration and periods of slowing down

Question 8

Periods of growth as child ages

Answer 8

Infancy - very rapid
Preschool to puberty - slows down
Puberty - becomes rapid again
Post-Puberty - slows down

Question 9

What are factors influencing growth?

Answer 9

Parents height
Nutrition
Gender (girls go thru puberty faster)
Disease/Disorders
Environment (hazards, climates)

Question 10

What is the largest influence of growth and what can it diminish

Answer 10

Nutrition

Malnutrition can diminish height, weight, and IQ

Question 11

What are the 5 stages of Erikson’s Life Span Approach to personality development?

Answer 11

Trust VS Mistrust
Autonomy VS Shame/Doubt
Initiative VS Guilt
Industry VS Inferiority
Identity VS Role Confusion

Question 12

Trust VS Mistrust

Answer 12

birth - 1year
Healthy personality = trust
mistrust develops when trusting promoting experiences are inconsistent

Question 13

Autonomy VS Shame/Doubt

Answer 13

Toddlers (1-3 years)
They discover and learn how to control their bodies at this age
If the continuously fail they start to feel shame and doubt

Question 14

Initiative VS Guilt

Answer 14

Preschool (3-6 years old)
Exploring the outside world

If exploration is effective they learn to deal in more constructive ways creating initiative

If continuously being critiqued they feel guilty

Question 15

Industry VS Inferiority

Answer 15

6 -12 years old
Want achievements at this age
Feeling of inadequately and inferiority develop if there are too many expectations

Question 16

Identity VS Role Confusion

Answer 16

Adolescents (12-18)
Want one constant identity
If child fails to do this it results in role confusion

Question 17

Nursing Implications for Infants

Answer 17

Regression may occur during hospitalization
Avoid separation anxiety
Try to have parents involved to develop a sense of trust

Question 18

Nursing Implications for Toddlers

Answer 18

Simple brief explanations
Avoid separation anxiety
Security objects should be provided
Respect Childs routines
Guided choices

Question 19

Nursing Implication for Preschoolers

Answer 19

Explain procedures aren’t punishments
Answer questions appropriately for age
Therapeutic play or medical play allows children to act out their experience
Use band-aids

Question 20

Nursing Implication for Adolescents

Answer 20

Maintain contact for school and peers
Share a room with another adolescent
Understand treatment may alter their body image
Include teaching without parents there
Allow them to maintain identity (posters)
Focus on present only

Question 21

What is cognition?

Answer 21

Mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through experiences and the senses

Question 22

What is cognitive development?

Answer 22

Ability to think, reason and understand

Question 23

What is Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

Answer 23

Examined how children’s thought process changed with age

Theory stated children go through stages of mental development gradually

Question 24

Stage 1 - Piagets theory

Answer 24

Birth - 2 years

Conduct understandings through senses with motor actions

They begin having a memory, problem solving, symbolic abilities and realize they’re different from inanimate objects

Question 25

Stage 2 - Piagets theory

Answer 25

2 - 7 years old
Plays pretend and role plays
Everything is about themselves (egocentric)

2 sub stages
2-4 years old: uses symbols to stand for actions, speech is egocentric
4-7 years old: speech is more social less egocentric

Question 26

Stage 3 - Piagets theory

Answer 26

7-12 years old
Develop logical reasoning
Begins to understand feelings of others

Question 27

Stage 4 - Piagets theory

Answer 27

12 + years old
Think more rationally
Deeper understanding of own identity
Makes comparisons and comes to agreements

Question 28

What are major stressors for children

Answer 28

Separation from family
Loss of control
Body injury or pain

Question 29

Separation stressor and its 3 phases?

Answer 29

Middle infancy to preschool
1. Protest: crying, screaming, unconsolable
2. Despair: lacks interest, regression, crying stops
3. Detachment: accepted loss, occurs in prolonged separation

Question 30

Loss of control, stressor

Answer 30

Hospital decreases control by overruling routines, sounds may be overstimulating and can slow down Childs development

Question 31

Impact of loss of control in hospital for Infant

Answer 31

Daily routines may lead to mistrust and decreased sense of control

Question 32

Impact of loss of control in hospital for Toddler

Answer 32

Can contribute to regression, negativity, temper tantrums

Question 33

Impact of loss of control in hospital for Preschoolers

Answer 33

May view hospital as punishment
may interpret messages according to past experiences

Question 34

Impact of loss of control in hospital for school age

Answer 34

Fear of death or abandonment
Bored in the hospital
They want independence so hospital gives them less control

Question 35

Impact of loss of control in hospital for adolescents

Answer 35

Threat to sense of identity
Rejection or anger
Separation from peers

Question 36

Body injury or pain, stressor

Answer 36

Common fear
May persist into adulthood causing avoidance of needed care