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Statistics > Module 2-2 > Flashcards

Module 2-2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ways to Summarize Categorical (Qualitative) Data?

A

Bar Chart

Pie Chart

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2
Q

What are the ways to Summarize Numerical (Quantitative) Data

A 
Dot Plot
Stem Plot
Histograms
Time Plots
Box Plots
Scatter Plots
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3
Q

What are they ways to describe Summarizations?

A

Shapes
Center
Spread

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4
Q

What are the types of Shapes 1?

A

Modes
Symmetry or Skewness
Deviation or outliers

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5
Q

What are the types of Shapes 2?

A

Uniform - No mode
Unimodal - A single peak
Bimodal - Two peaks

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6
Q

When is a graph symetrical?

A

When you can draw a vertical line so that the both sides are mirror images

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7
Q

What does a Positively skewed, or skewed to the right graph look like?

A

A peak more to the left

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8
Q

What does a Negatively skewed, or skewed to the left graph look like?

A

A peak more to the right

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9
Q

What is Skewness caused by?

A

Unusual values or deviation from overal pattern

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10
Q

What is the Center?

A

The value that splits the data in half or a typical range of values at the center of the graph

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11
Q

What are the types of Centers?

A

Mean, Median, Mode

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12
Q

What is Spread?

A

The range of values. If they are far apart or close together

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13
Q

What is the most common type of graph?

A

A Histogram

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14
Q

What is the downside to histograms?

A

Data values from a stem and leaf plot are retained but not with histograms

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15
Q

How does an outlier affect a mean?

A

If the set of observation includes an outlier, the mean value will be drawn in the direction of the outlier

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16
Q

What is the mean not resistant to?

A

Outliers

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17
Q

What do we use instead of mean when there are outliers?

A

Median

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18
Q

What is the Median?

A

The value that divides the ordered sample in two sets of the same size

19
Q

How can the median be found?

A

By finding the value that is in the middle, if there is an even number take the value of the two numbers in the video

20
Q

What is the mode?

A

The value that occurs with the highest frequency in a data set

21
Q

What does the mode look like on a graph?

A

Where the distribution is tallest

22
Q

What are the mean, median and mode in a symetric distribution?

A

ȳ = M = mode

23
Q

What is the relationship with the mean, median and mode in a positively skewed distribution?

A

mean > median > mode

24
Q

What is the relationship with the mean, median and mode in a negatively skewed distribution?

A

mean < median < mode

25
Q

What are the 3 measures of Variability?

A

Range
Variance and standard deviation
IQR

26
Q

What is the range?

A

Range is the simple numerical measure of variability that gives the difference between the largest maximum and the smallest minimum

27
Q

What does a large range mean?

A

A greater variability

28
Q

What is deviation?

A

The difference of an observation from the mean (y)

29
Q

When is a deviation positive?

A

If the observation is greater than the mean

30
Q

When is the deviation negative?

A

When the observation is less the the mean

31
Q

What is the formula for deviation?

A

(observation-mean)

32
Q

What does the Set of Deviations describe?

A

The variability of the data

33
Q

What is Variance?

A

The sum of the squared deviations

34
Q

What is the Standard Deviation?

A

The square root of the Variance and is denoted by s

35
Q

What is the most commonly used measure of Variation?

A

Standard Deviation

36
Q

When does the standard deviation equal 0?

A

When there is no spread

37
Q

When does is the standard deviation greater than 0?

A

When the observations become more spread out

38
Q

What is the Standard deviation not resistant to?

A

Skewness

39
Q

When is Interquartile range (IQR) used?

A

When there are outliers

40
Q

What is used as the center in Standard deviation?

A

Mode

41
Q

What is used as the center in IQR?

A

The Median or Q2

42
Q

When will the IQR be small?

A

When the data is clustered around the center

43
Q

what does a boxplot show?

A

The center, spread, and symmetry or skewness at the same time

Statistics (7 decks)

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