Module 2 Flashcards
function of digestion in animals
so we dont starve, need fuel to make ATP
what type of digestion do sponges use?
intracellular
what type of digestion do cnidaria use?
extracellular
what does intracellular digestion mean
all the digestion occurs in a cell
what does extracellular digestion mean?
breakdown of nutrients occurs outside of the cell
what type of digestive system does platyhelminthes have
incomplete digestive system because they have a mouth but no anus
generalized digestive tract consists of
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, cecum, large intestine aka colon, rectum, anus
major digestive phases
- ingestion and mastication
- conduction = muscle contraction
- secretion
- digestion
- absorption
- storage and defaction
monosaccharides are
glucose, fructose, galactose
disaccharides are
maltose, sucrose, and lactose
polysaccharides are
cellulose, amylose, and chitin
proteins are
folded polypeptides
3 types of lipids
phospholipids, fats, steroids
functions of saliva
- digestion
- lubrication
- defense
- neutralization
- thermoregulation
- poison and venom production
- anticoagulation
- silk
- pheromones
hemotoxic affects what
blood
neurotoxic affects what
nervous system
myotoxic affects what
muscles
2 stages of swallowing
oropharyngeal stage and esophageal stage
bolus is
when food gets chewed to ball covered in saliva before swallowing
what is peristalsis
wave like contraction that moves from top to bottom of esophagus
what are sphincters
circular tightening that prevents backflow
what is the crop
an extension of the esophagus and it is prolonged storage of food
digestion begins where
the mouth
what glands are released in mouth
salivary glands
salivary glands release what enzymes
amylase and lipase
the official beginning of digestion is where
stomach
a vertebrate stomach can be
multichambered or single chambered
fundus is
storage of gas, entry to stomach
corpus is
body of stomach, heavy enzyme secretion
antrum is
regulates expulsion of digesta into small intestine
movement of food in stomach
gastric filling, gastric storage, gastric mixing, gastric empyting, borborygmi
what is broken down in stomach
proteins and polypeptides
what is needed to break stuff down in stomach
enzymes –> proteases
what are the resulting mol in stomach
peptides–> small fragments
cells in stomach lining
g cells, muscous cell, parietal cell, chief cell
what does g cell do
release gastrin
what does mucous cell do
secretes mucus and protects stomach lining against HCl
what does parietal cell do
release HCl
what does chief cell do
release pepsinogen
subsections of small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ilium
what does duodenum do
responsible for absorption of monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids
what does jejunum do
absorbs fatty acids, B12, and reabsorbs bile salts
what does ilium do
final reabsorption
what is broken down in small intestine
proteins, carbs, fats
what is needed to break down stuff in small intestine
proteases for proteins, disaccharides for carbs, lipase for fats
what are the resulting mol after being broken in small intestine
monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids
major enzymes used in small intestine
pancreatic enzymes –> trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, amylase, lipase, chitinase
intestinal enzymes –> disaccharides, enterokinase, aminopeptidases
liver –> bile salts
large intestine is also called
colon
functions of large intestine
- reabsorption of water to prevent dehydration
- fermentation
a ruminant has what kind of stomach
4 chambered
what type of ferminters are ruminants
foregut fermenters
what type of fermenters are non ruminants
hindgut fermenters
4 chambers of ruminant stomach
- rumen
- reticulum
- omasum
- abomasum
