Module #2 Flashcards
This chemical does what job?:
Glutamate
Excited transmission of signal
This chemical does what job?:
GABA
Inhibits transmission of signal
This chemical does what job?:
Acetylocholine
Improves memory
This chemical does what job?:
Opioid peptides
Relieves pain
This chemical does what job?:
Norepinephrine
Helps concentration
This chemical does what job?:
Dopamine and serotonin
Heighten alertness, pleasure, appetite, and help with motor control
What neurotransmitter is increased by cocaine or amphetamine?
Dopamine
With flooding of dopamine, what does the user gain and lose?
Gains a high (a temporary feeling of intense pleasure and energy)
Loses the ability to enjoy simple pleasures in life
What neurotransmitter is imitated by heroin or morphine?
Opioid peptides
What is the normal function of opioid peptides?
Relieve pain
What happens to a person addicted to heroin or morphine?
The addict will suffer constant pain if addictive substance is not regularly consumed
What damage can be done if someone gets a concussion?
(1) It could cause serious problems down the road
(2) Their brain might be permanently damaged
Match the term with the correct organ:
Appendicitis
Appendix
Match the term with the correct organ:
Arthritis
Joints
Match the term with the correct organ:
Carditis
Heart
Match the term with the correct organ:
Laryngitis
Larynx
Match the term with the correct organ:
Nephritis
Kidney
Recognizing the location of the pineal body and light’s effect on it, why wouldn’t wearing a hat or shining a bring light on the top of your head or into your mouth affect melatonin production?
The pineal body is too many layers into the brain for light to penetrate, so a hat or mouth wouldn’t make a difference
What simple changes can you make in your routine to reduce physical stress and keep stress hormones under control?
Resting when sick
Better sleep routine
Not skip meals
What changes can you make to limit your emotional stress?
Limit:
video games
social media
responding to cell phone
exciting movies and books
Which blood test could help differentiate between type 1 or type 2 diabetes?
Blood insulin level
What is the nervous system made up of?
Nerve cells called neurons
Neurons carry what impulses from extensions called what?
electrical; dendrites
What is the single long extension of the neuron; it’s covered with myelin sheath?
Axon
Impulses comes into the neuron through the ____________ and is then sent out through the _____
Dendrites; axon
A bundle of axons with its protective layers is called a what?
Nerve
What neurons carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord?
What neurons carry impulses toward the brain and spinal cord?
Away: Motor neurons
Toward: Sensory neurons
An impulse is begun by a ___________, which is a detectable change, acting upon a _________ receptor, which causes an attached sensory neuron to send the signal toward the brain.
stimulus; sensory
Between sensory neurons and motor neurons are _______________ ________, also called _________________, in the brain and spinal cord. They link the sensory message with options for action
Association neurons; interneurons
If an impulse goes through a sensory neuron to the spinal cord, through an association neuron in the spinal cord, and then through a motor neuron that moves a muscle, the entire response is called a _________
Reflex
What things make up the peripheral nervous system?
Sensory, motor, and mixed nerves
What things make up the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
Mixed nerves
Carries both sensory and motor axon in their bundles
The only place in the brain where conscious awareness occurs; conscious thought, such as making plans or understanding language
The cerebrum
The place in the brain that automatically refines muscle movement
The cerebellum
The place in the brain that controls vital functions.
The brain stem
The place in the brain that sorts messages going in (sensory) and out (motor) of the conscious centers in the cerebrum.
Thalamus
The place in the brain that is a crucial link between the nervous system and the endocrine system, where the nerve impulse messages control the release of hormones into the blood.
Hypothalamus
What is the tiny space between each sending neuron’s axon and the receiving neuron’s dendrite called?
A synapse
The synapse is a gap too wide for an electric impulse to bridge. Instead of an impulse, the end of the axon releases a ___________________
Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter
A chemical that can diffuse in the fluid between the cells and cross the synapse
If there is too much or not enough neurotransmitter, it is called an __________, which can lead to a __________ __________
Imbalance; mental illness
What are natural ways to improve neurotransmitter balance?
Enough exercise, sleep, eating healthful food, reducing stress, and pursuing spiritual habits.
Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition:
Aneurysm
Weakened area of a blood vessel that might break
Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition:
Concussion
Brain bruise from a blow to the head
Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition:
Edema
Swelling
Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition:
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain
Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition:
Epilepsy
Condition characterized by more than one seizure
Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition:
Hemorrhagic stroke
Blood vessel breakage in the brain
Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition:
Hematoma
Blood clot that is below the surface
Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition:
Inflammation
State of irritation of the tissues.
Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition:
Ischemic stroke
Loss of blood flow to an area of the brain causing those neurons to die
Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition:
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain
Match the terms about brain illness with the right definition:
Seizure
Spontaneous activity of the neurons of the brain resulting in times of unconsciousness
The ____________ system is made up of glands and the __________ they produce and release into the _______.
Endocrine; hormones; blood
A hormone is a chemical that produces a response in a ________ cell, which is a cell with __________ for that hormone.
Target; receptors
What gland is responsible for producing hormones that enhance or discourage sleep?
The pineal body
What hormone is produced during the day? What hormone is produced during the darkness?
Day: Serotonin
Darkness: Melatonin
The __________ _____ and the __________ control growth and send out signal hormones to other endocrine glands.
Pituitary gland; hypothalamus
The hormones that cause preparation for a fight or an escape are produced in the what gland?
Adrenal gland
Hormone that reduces inflammation
Cortisol
Hormone that speeds up the heart
Epinephrine
The thyroid produces what hormone? What does this hormone do?
Thyroxine; it raises the metabolic rate of the cells
What gland produces insulin? What does insulin do?
The pancreas.
It lowers the blood glucose levels by causing the cells to take glucose out of the blood and store it.
What is an overcorrection of insulin called? When does it occur?
Reactive hypoglycemia
May happen when you eat sugary snacks on an empty stomach
Type 1 diabetes
The pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin
Type 2 diabetes
The cells that take in glucose from the blood become insulin resist, and glucose levels in the blood remain high
What reproductive hormones are released by the ovaries?
Estrogen and progesterone
What reproductive hormone released by the testes?
Testosterone
Reproductive hormones are controlled by the signaling hormones from the _____________ gland
Pituitary
The male hormones has a _________ cycle of low and high levels
daily
The female hormones have a ________ cycle of low and high levels
Monthly
What is the emotional glue hormone that holds families together?
Oxytocin
What are the 5 signs of inflammation?
Swelling
Pain
Redness
Warmer than normal
Hypersensitivity to touch
What is A?
Cerebrum
What is B?
Thalamus (region)
What is C?
Pineal body (gland)
What is D?
Brain stem
What is E?
Cerebellum
What is F?
Pituitary (gland)
What is G?
Hypothalamus (region)
