module 2 Flashcards
carbohydrates
what does carbohydrates only contain (elements) ?
carbon , hydrogen , oxygen
what does carbohydrates literally mean ?
’ hydrated carbon ‘
what ratio does the elements in carbohydrates usually appear (general formula)?
Cx(H2O)y
what are carbohydrates known as ?
saccharides or sugars
what is a monosaccharide ?
a single sugar unit
what are examples of monosaccharide
glucose, fructose and ribose
what is a disaccharide ?
when 2 monosaccharide link together they form a disaccharide
what are examples of disaccharide ?
lactose and sucrose
what is a polysaccharide ?
when 2 or more monosacchrides are linked together they form a polysaccharide
what are examples of polysaccharide ?
glycogen, cellulose and starch
what is the chemical formula of glucose ?
C6H12O6
what is glucose composed of and therefore is ?
glucose is a monosaccharide composed of 6 carbons and therefore is hexose monosacchrides
how are carbons numbered in molecular structure diagrams ?
clockwise ,beginning with the carbon to the right (clockwise) of the oxygen atom within the ring
how many structural variations of glucose are there and what are they called ?
2
alpha glucose & beta glucose
what is the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose ?
the difference is the structural arrangement between the 2 varaitions. the positions of hydrogen (H) and the hydroxyl group (OH) have swapped.
draw an alpha glucose
see picture somewhere ;)
draw a beta glucose
see picture somewhere ;)
glucose molecules are both ..
polar and soluble in water
why are glucose moleucules polar ?
due to the hydrogen bonds that form between the hydroxyl groups and water molecules
why is it important that glucose is soluble in water ?
as glucose is dissolved in the cytosol of the cell
