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Ethics > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

is the complex whole of human life, encompassing almost everything a person does and thinks

A

Culture

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2
Q

You will always have this something, and you cannot escape from your ________

A

ethnocultural milieu

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3
Q

the philosophical paradigm often used by anthropologists and social scientists, believes that culture is different across time and space (Kottak, 2010)

A

cultural relativism

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4
Q

as an ethical theory, posits that culture is the ultimate arbiter of morality.

A

cultural relativism

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5
Q

What do cultural relativism believes?

A

there is NO universal moral truth

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6
Q

Compare relativism and subjectivism

A

In subjectivism, truth depends on the person
In relativism, truth depends on a particular reference point

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7
Q

“Man is the measure of all things.”

A

Protagoras of Abdera

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8
Q

Protagoras was a

A

sophist

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9
Q

are men who travelled around ancient Greece in exchange for something.

A

sophist

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10
Q

One very important component of culture is language.

A

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf

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11
Q

“The structure of a language determines how a person understand things.”

A

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

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12
Q

The “Father of American Anthropology”

A

Franz Boas

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13
Q

One of the main proponents of Historical Particularism and Cultural Relativism

A

Franz Boas

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14
Q

During Franz Boas time, Europe’s understanding of history is _______

A

linear

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15
Q

is one of the main research methodologies of anthropologists to extract data from the field.

A

ethnography

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16
Q

No culture is superior over the other

A

Franz Boas

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17
Q

All cultures are equal in their own rights.

A

Franz Boas

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18
Q

German Philosopher and historian

A

Oswald Spengler

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19
Q

In his book, _________ , he predicted that Western Civilization will collapse due to the rise of Caesar-like leaders.

A

The Decline of the West

20
Q

“There are no eternal truths. Every philosophy is an expression of its time”

A

Oswald Spengler

21
Q

Spengler believed in

A

Historical Relativism or Historicism

22
Q

What may be not acceptable today, may be acceptable tomorrow.

A

Oswald Spengler

23
Q

Culture is different from time to time.

A

Oswald Spengler

24
Q

Culture is different from tribe to tribe.

A

Franz Boas

25
Q

Culture is different from language to language.

A

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf

26
Q

Culture is different from one place to place.

A

Protagoras of Abdera

27
Q

Morality is

A

relative

28
Q

If morality is relative, therefore, there is

A

no universal truth

29
Q

Filipino culture is a mix of both Eastern and Western cultures. What are the different cultures?

A

Spanish
Americans
Chinese traders
Islamic missionaries
Indigenous communities

30
Q

What are the filipino values?

A

• Family oriented
• Xenophile
• Respect for authorities
• Heritage of Smallness
• Cheerful Optimism
• Bayanihan Spirit

31
Q

What are the weaknesses of being family oriented?

A

Nepotism
Political Dynasty
Kanya-kanya
Crab Mentality
Regionalism

32
Q

What are the weaknesses of being Xenophile?

A

No originality
We don’t love our own that much
we get easily influenced by foreigners
sometimes we forget our selves

33
Q

What are the pros of respect for authorities?

A

Respect for elders
hard work and industry
Faith and religiosity
courtesy
utang na loob

34
Q

What are the weaknesses for authorities?

A

utang na loob
dependency
patronage
sticking on the status quo or comfort zone
passivity and lack of initiative

35
Q

What are the heritage of smallness?

A

appreciating the small things
knowing what is important

36
Q

What are the weaknesses of heritage of smallness?

A

sachet mentality
sustainability-getting only what we need
isang kahig, isang tuka
mediocrity
smart shaming

37
Q

What are the advantages of cheerful optimism?

A

lakas ng loob
resiliency
OFW
hugot phenomenon
resiliency

38
Q

What are the weaknesses of cheerful optimism?

A

lack of discipline
diskarte
bahala na attitude
ningas cogon
palusot mentality
madaling makalimot

39
Q

What are the pros of bayanihan spirit?

A

treat everyone as family
proud of our achievements
active in social media
fiesta
sensitivity
dyahe piece
thoughtfulness of others
pasalubong
balato

40
Q

what is the last piece called?

A

dyahe piece

41
Q

What are the weaknesses of bayanihan spirit?

A

social pressure
tagay justice system
not budget friendly
walang iwanan
filipino time

42
Q

What are the positive impacts of cultural relativism?

  1. It makes people ________.
  2. It helps researchers from being ______ and ______.
  3. It highlights the need for ________ to immerse to a community to understand culture in the perspective of a local.
A
  1. culturally sensitive
  2. racist and ethnocentric
  3. social scientist
43
Q

What are the positive impacts of cultural relativism?

  1. It emphasizes that _____ is indeed evolving.
  2. Cultural Relativism empowers _______
  3. It encourages ______ and multidisciplinary approaches among institutions.
A
  1. morality
  2. cultural minority groups
  3. diversity
44
Q

What are the criticism against cultural relativism?

  1. We cannot _____ our own culture.
  2. We cannot also correct the _____ of other cultures.
  3. Sometimes, cultural relativism makes us _____ towards other societies.
A
  1. critique
  2. practices
  3. indifferent
45
Q

What are the criticism against cultural relativism?

  1. It causes ____ and ________.
  2. Even if people belong to different backgrounds, cultures also ____ some patterns of behavior.
  3. We cannot definitely _____ issues that concerns people with different cultural background.
A
  1. division and xenophobia
  2. share
  3. address
46
Q

What are the criticism against cultural relativism?

  1. Cultural relativism could lead to ______.
  2. Cultural relativism is an _____ because it establishes itself as a _______ even though it claims that everything is relative to culture.
A
  1. nihilism
  2. irony, universal standard

Ethics (7 decks)

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