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Chemistry > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the first modern person to take atoms seriously?

A

John Dalton

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2
Q

Who is often regarded as the father of atomic theory?

A

Democritus

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3
Q

Who put forward the plum pudding model?

A

JJ Thomson

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4
Q

What is the plum pudding model?

A

where electrons and protons are randomly dispersed within an atom

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5
Q

Who concluded that most of the atoms mass was at the centre?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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6
Q

What is the gold foil experiment?

A

Alpha particles where shot at a thin piece of gold foil most travelled through but some bounced off.

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7
Q

Who showed that there was shells that housed electrons?

A

Neils Bohr

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8
Q

Who proved the existence of Neutrons?

A

James Chadwick

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9
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

The same atom but with different amounts of neutrons

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10
Q

What does the Atomic Number represent?

A

Number of protons in an atom

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11
Q

What does the mass number represent?

A

Number of protons and the number of neutrons.

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12
Q

How do you find out the relative mass percentage of isotopes?

A

(M x%)+(M x% )
100

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13
Q

How many electrons can the 1st shell hold?

A

2

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14
Q

How many electrons can the outer shell hold?

A

8

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15
Q

What must a shell be before a new one is started?

A

Full

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16
Q

Protons have what charge?

A

Positive

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17
Q

Electrons have what charge?

A

negative

18
Q

Protons and Neutrons have a _________________

A

Protons and Neutrons have a relative mass of 1.

19
Q

What does the pH scale measure?

A

Hydrogen ions

20
Q

How many points are there on the pH scale?

A

14

21
Q

What are the boundaries between strengths of acid and alkali?

A

1-3= strong acid
4-6=weak acid
7= neutral
8-10=weak alkali
11-14=strong alkali

22
Q

Give 3 examples of common acids

A

-Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
-Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4)
-Nitric acid (HNO3)
-Ethanoic acid (CH3OOH)

23
Q

Give 3 examples of common alkalis

A

-Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
-Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
-Calcium hydroxide
(CaOH2)
-Magnesium hydroxide
(Mg(OH2)

24
Q

Which is stronger, an acid or an alkali?

A

It depends on their pH

25
Q

An acid has a high concentration of what ions?

A

Hydrogen (Positive)

26
Q

An alkali has a high concentracion of what ions?

A

Hydroxide (Negative)
Hydrogen + oxygen

27
Q

How would you test for hydrogen gas?

A

Trap the gas in a test or boiling tube and insert a lit splint and it will produce a squeaky pop.

28
Q

What is the reactivity series?

A

The order is how quickly and violently something reacts.

29
Q

Which group is the most reactive and give an example?

A

Group 1:
-K
-Na
-Li

30
Q

What is it called when a metal “steals” the oxygen from another metal?

A

A displacement reaction

31
Q

Acid + Alkali =?

A

Salt + Water

32
Q

Give a definition for Calibrated

A

Set equipment to be correct

33
Q

Give a definition for Accurate

A

Measuring the true value

34
Q

Give a definition for Precise

A

Level of detail. Eg) decimal places

35
Q

Give a definition for Reliable

A

Consistency in the results

36
Q

Where do you read of the meniscus?

A

At the flattest line not the edges

37
Q

How would you set up a Titration?

A

1)Rinse the burette with distilled water, then with the supplied acid. Fill the burette with the acid taking care to ensure that the bottom of the meniscus is on zero and that the jet of the burette is filled completely.
2)Rinse the pipette with distilled water, then with the alkali. Fill the pipette with the alkali, taking care with the pipette filler and ensuring that the bottom of the meniscus is on the ‘line’ of the pipette.
3)Carefully transfer the alkali in the pipette into a conical flask, to remove the final drop from the pipette, gently touch the end of the pipette onto the surface of the liquid in the conical flask.
4)Add 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the conical flask and swirl gently to mix.
5)Place the conical flask onto a white tile underneath the burette.
6)Titrate the alkali with the acid, stop adding the acid when the indicator turns pink and remains pink.

38
Q

What equipment would you need for a titration?

A

-Sodium hydroxide solution 100 cm3
0.1 mol/dm3 sulfuric acid, H2SO4 100 cm3
-Phenolphthalein indicator
-25.0 cm3 pipette and filler
-50.0 cm3 burette, retort stand and burette clamp
-Small funnel
-250 cm3 Conical flask (x3)
-Distilled Water
-White tile

39
Q

What must acids and alkalis be dissolved in?

A

Water which makes the an aqueous

40
Q

What is formed when an acid and a metal oxide are reacted?

A

Salt and water

41
Q

What is formed when an acid and a metal carbonate are reacted?

A

Salt , water and carbon dioxide

Chemistry (6 decks)

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