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UCSP > MODULE 2 > Flashcards

MODULE 2 Flashcards

1
Q

It provides a deeper assessment of individual and group behavior, as well as social phenomena, by examining the interplay between economic, political, and social factors.

A

SOCIOLOGY

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2
Q

“Sociology is the study of human social life, groups and society”

A

ANTHONY GIDDENS

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3
Q

considered one of the founders of sociology.

A

AUGUSTE COMTE

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4
Q

WHEN DID AUGUSTE COMTE COINED THE TERM “SOCIOLOGY”?

A

1838

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5
Q

SOCIUS:
LOGIA:

A

COMPANION; ASSOCIATE
STUDY OF SPEECH

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6
Q

believed sociology could unite all sciences and improve society

A

AUGUSTE COMTE

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7
Q

was a positivist who argued that sociology must have a scientific base and be objective.

A

AUGUSTE COMTE

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8
Q

theorized a three-stage development of society

A

COMTE

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9
Q

One common scientific method in sociology is the

A

SURVEY

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10
Q

defined sociology as the study of super-organic phenomena—that is, of relations among organisms. Thus, sociology could study nonhuman societies, such as ants and other insects, but the paramount super- organic phenomenon is human society.

A

HERBERT SPENCER

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11
Q

is famous for his doctrine of social Darwinism, which asserted that the principles of evolution, including natural selection, apply to human societies, social classes, and individuals as well as to biological species developing over geologic time

A

HERBERT SPENCER

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12
Q

addresses society in terms of the function of its constituent elements; namely norms, customs, traditions, and institutions

A

FUNCTIONALISM

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13
Q

wrote that the power relationships between capitalists and workers were inherently exploitative and would inevitably create class conflict.

A

KARL MARX

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14
Q

He believed that this conflict would ultimately lead to a revolution in which the working class would overthrow the capitalist class and seize control of the economy.

A

SOCIAL CONFLICT THEORY

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15
Q

is a social, political, and economic theory originated by Karl Marx that focuses on the struggle between capitalists and the working class.

A

MARXISM

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16
Q

major contributions was to help define and establish the field of sociology as an academic discipline.

A

Emile Durkheim

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17
Q

focused on the shift in societies from a simple society to one that is more complex.

A

DIVISION OF LABOR

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18
Q

saw both structural and action approaches as necessary to developing a full understanding of society and social change.

A

MAX WEBER

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19
Q

believed that Bureaucracy was a better than traditional structures. In a bureaucratic organization, everyone is treated equal and the division of labor is clearly described for each employee.

A

MAW WEBER

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20
Q

Weber believes that there are four ideal types of social actions.

A

TRADITIONAL SOCIAL ACTION
AFFECTIVE SOCIAL ACTION
VALUE RATIONAL SOCIAL ACTION
INSTRUMENTAL-RATIONAL SOCIAL ACTION

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21
Q

actions controlled by traditions, “the way it has always been done”

A

TRADITIONAL SOCIAL ACTION

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22
Q

actions determined by one’s specific affections and emotional state, you do not think about the consequences
Value Rational Social Action: actions that are

A

AFFECTIVE SOCIAL ACTION

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23
Q

actions that are determined by a conscious belief in the inherent value of a type of behavior (ex: religion)

A

VALUE RATIONAL SOCIAL ACTION

24
Q

actions that are carried out to achieve a certain goal, you do something because it leads to a result

A

INSTRUMENTAL-RATIONAL SOCIAL ACTION

25
Q

“ the activity through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live.”

A

ANDREW HEYWOOD

26
Q

systematic study of politics

A

POLITICAL SCIENCE

27
Q

It focuses on the fundamental values of equality, freedom, and justice and its processes are linked to the dynamics of conflict, resolution, and cooperation

A

POLITICAL SCIENCE

28
Q

systems of governance
political theories
lawmaking process
political behavior and ethics
policies and their implications
political organization
electoral process

A

POLITICAL SCIENCE

29
Q

the implementation of government policies
it is the planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling of government operations.

A

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

30
Q

branch of social science that studies the relationships between individuals and society and between markets and the state, using a diverse set of tools and methods drawn largely from economics, political science, and sociology

A

POLITICAL ECONOMY

31
Q

Studies the effects of political culture, institutions and individual decision-making in different political systems around the world

A

COMPARATIVE POLITICS

32
Q

Studies the effects of political culture, institutions and individual decision-making in different political systems around the world

A

COMPARATIVE POLITICS

33
Q

This field also examines how political processes and structures vary across counties and the historical development of these political processes and structures

A

COMPARATIVE POLITICS

34
Q

analyses the political behavior and preferences of both political leaders and ordinary citizens. Major themes include the study of war and peace, democracy, dictatorship, regime change and economic development
often touches on both the domestic origins of foreign policy and the impact of the international system on domestic political behaviors and outcomes

A

COMPARATIV POLITICS

35
Q

The Republic was first published in c. 380 BCE. Considered one of the most influential philosophers in history, HE is known for formulating his theories through Socratic dialogue.

A

PLATO

36
Q

contains many important ideas, including justice and government, as philosophers argue over the definition and advantages of justice and governance of the city-state.

A

THE REPUBLIC

37
Q

justice is defined as a social condition of balance and harmony, both in the state and the individual.

A

PLATO

38
Q

“Democracy is governed by the people, and most people are at the lowest level of enlightenment.”

A

PLATO

39
Q

critique of democracy.

A

PLATO

40
Q

He is best known for his political treatise The Prince, written about 1513,

A

NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI

41
Q

political treatise as an instruction guide for new princes and royals. accepting that the aims of princes – such as glory and survival – can justify the use of immoral means to achieve those ends.

A

THE PRINCE

42
Q

He has often been called the father of modern political philosophy and political science.

A

NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI

43
Q

teaching of worldly success through scheming deceit.

A

MACHIAVELLIAN

44
Q

The term “trias politica” or “separation of powers” was coined by

A

Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu

45
Q

wrote that the main purpose of government is to maintain law and order, political liberty, and the property of the individual.

A

Baron de Montesquieu

46
Q

The term “trias politica” or “separation of powers” was coined by

A

Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu

47
Q

refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.

A

SEPARATION OF POWERS

48
Q

is responsible for enacting the laws of the state and appropriating the money necessary to operate the government.

A

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

49
Q

responsible for implementing and administering the public policy enacted and funded by the legislative branch.

A

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

50
Q

responsible for interpreting the constitution and laws and applying their interpretations to controversies brought before it.

A

JUDICIAL BRANCH

51
Q

where Rousseau writes of citizens being “forced to be free” when they are constrained to obey the general will.

A

SOCIAL CONTRACT

52
Q

refer to freedom, with the famous saying that “Man is born free, but is everywhere in chains”

A

SOCIAL CONTRACT

53
Q

central argument in The Social Contract is that government attains its right to exist and to govern by “the consent of the governed.”

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

54
Q

believed that the only true and correct form of government was the absolute monarchy. He argued this most forcefully in his landmark work, Leviathan.

A

THOMAS HOBBES

55
Q

theory of Social Contract supports absolute sovereign without giving any value to individuals.

A

THOMAS HOBBES

UCSP (5 decks)

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