module 2

Question 1

Prenatal care

Answer 1

Identifies rist factors, emphasizes preventative care

Question 2

What does hcg do?

Answer 2

Hcg is the earliest biochemical marker for pregnancy. Hcg levels in pregnancy double every 48-72h. It is limited by the length of gestation, specimen concentration, prescence if blood, and prescence of some drugs

Question 3

Pre term

Answer 3

20 weeks - befire the completion of 37 weeks

Question 4

Late preterm pregnancy

Answer 4

34 weeks and 0 days - 36 weeks and 6 days

Question 5

Early term

Answer 5

37 and 0 - 38 and 6

Question 6

Full term

Answer 6

39 and 0 - 40 and 6

Question 7

Late term

Answer 7

41 and 0 - 41 and 6

Question 8

Postterm pregnancy

Answer 8

42 and 0 +

Question 9

What is viability?

Answer 9

The capacity to live outside the uterus. Its threshold is about 22 to 25 weeks gestation. Theses infants are vilnerable to brain injury

Question 10

Gravida vs. Gravidity

Answer 10

Gravida is a woman who is pregnant. Gravidity is pregnancy

Question 11

Nuligravida vs primigravida vs multigravida

Answer 11

Nuli- woman who has never been pregnant
Primi- woman pregnant for the first time
Multi- woman who has been pregnany 2 or more times

Question 12

Parity

Answer 12

Number of pregnancies in which fetus or fetuses have reached viability, not the number of fetuses whether the fetus is born alive or still born after viability is reached does not afrect parity. Can be nuli, primi, or multi

Question 13

GP VS GPTAL

Answer 13

GP= gravida, para
GPTAL= gravida, para, term, abortions, living children

Question 14

Trimesters

Answer 14

1= 0-13 wks
2= 14-26 wks
3=27-40 wks

Question 15

Pregnancy hormones

Answer 15

hCG. progesterone, estrogen, serum prolactin, oxytocin

Question 16

hCG

Answer 16

maintains the corpus lutes and helps with he production of estrogen and progesterone until the placenta can take over

Question 17

progesterone

Answer 17

suppresses secretion of FSH and LH. maintains pregnancy by relaxing smooth muscles

Question 18

estrogen

Answer 18

suppresses secretion of FSH and LH.

Question 19

serum prolactin

Answer 19

prepares the breasts for lactation

Question 20

oxytocin

Answer 20

stimulates uterine contractions and stimulates milk ejection from breasts

Question 21

immune system adaptation during pregnancy

Answer 21

mother becomes tolerant of the foreign fetus keeping the fetus from being rejected and protecting it from infection
-if the mother is Rh negative, the mother will get medication called roam which will prevent fetus rejection

Question 22

maternal emotional responses

Answer 22

• uncertainty
• introversion
• acceptance
• mood swings
• changes in body image

Question 23

Rubins maternal role tasks

Answer 23

tasks that women must accomplish in order to possess the maternal role

• ensuring safe passage throughout pregnancy and birth
• seeking acceptance of infant by others
• seeking acceptance of self in maternal role (binding in)
• learning to give oneself

Question 24

weight gain in pregnancy

Answer 24

• if at a healthy BMI: 18.5-24.9, the mother should gain 25-35 lbs
• if mother has a BMI of < 18.5, they should gain 28-40 lbs
• if the mother has a BMI of 25-28.9, they should gain 15-25 lbs
• if the mother is obese, BMI > 30, she should gain 11-20 lbs

Question 25

nutritional needs of the mother

Answer 25

directly effects the well being of the fetus - vitamins and mineral supplements are generally prescribed - increase protein for general growth, iron for correcting anemia and folate for neural tube defects - increase intake by 300 cals a day - use my plate and avoid fish and mercury, limit caffeine, and no alcohol

Question 26

nursing assessments during pregnancy

Answer 26

1st trimester: monthly 2nd trimester: every 2-3 wks 3rd trimester: every 2 weeks last month: every week

Question 27

assessments during visits

Answer 27

``` weight bp urinalysis for ketones, glucose, proteins fundal Keith FHR fetal movement ```

Question 28

discomfort of the first trimester

Answer 28

- urinary frequency - fatigue - breast tenderness - increased vaginal discharge - nasal stuffiness and nosebleeds - N/V

Question 29

how to help with morning sickness

Answer 29

``` dry crackers small frequent meals that are high carb and protein herbal tesas accupressure ginger ```

Question 30

common discomforts of the second trimester

Answer 30

``` heartburn ankle edema varicose veins hemorrhoids backabche ```

Question 31

common discomforts of the third trimester

Answer 31

constipation (fiber and stool softener) backache (back support, good posture and body mechanics) leg cramps (exercise, dorsiflex, supportive shoes, stockings) faintness (avoid supine) dyspnea carpal tunnel syndrome braxton hicks contractions (monitor for preterm labor)

Question 32

intimate partner violence

Answer 32

- begins from one partner needing controls and domination over the other - the violent partner may have seen or experienced this before and thinks its normal - victims are isolated from family and friends - it is on the rise bc of quarantine

Question 33

subjective data of IPV

Answer 33

- partner is frequently present - headaches - gi disturbances - sleeping difficulties

Question 34

objective data IPV

Answer 34

- bruises - fractures - head injuries - teeth alterations - injuries that don't match up with the story - lack of eye contact

Question 35

sexual assault

Answer 35

- there is a higher incidence than is reported - rape and sexual assault are not sexually motivated acts they are motivated by rage, aggression, and the determination to dominate another human being - you are mandated to report sexual assault

Question 36

laws in CT

Answer 36

- exams and evidence collection can be done up to 72 hours after assalt - the state of CT will hold evidence fro 60 days to give you time to decide if you will report the crime to the police. If it has been more than 60 day it can still be reported but the evidence collected during the exam is likely unusable in the investigation

Question 37

clinical evaluation of sexual assalt

Answer 37

- get complete history of events - have victim disrobe on a sheet - perfirm a physical and pelvic exam with an advocate - document physical and emotional findings - collect cultures for gonorrhea and chlamydia - sti testing and prophylaxis

Question 38

referrals

Answer 38

- ED within 5 days of assault: sexual assault nurses examiner and sexual assault forensic examiner - mental health services - legal - check-in 24-48 hours after care - avoid pregnancy for at least `3 months - follow up