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Question 1

Which race of individuals has the most cesarean sections?

Answer 1

35.5% of black individuals recieve c-sections. 32.5% of asian or pacific islanders have c-sections. 31% of whites do and lastly 28 % of american natives do.

Question 2

What is considered a pregnancy related death ?

Answer 2

A death of a woman while pregnant or within the first year of the childs life. Pregnancy related mortality has increased over the past 30 yrs. The majority of these deaths come from the black population.

Question 3

What are common causes of pregnancy related death?

Answer 3

Cardiovascular conditions, infection, hemorrhage

Question 4

What is the first lamaze healthy birth practice?

Answer 4

Let labor begin on its own.

Question 5

What is the second lamaze healthy birth practice?

Answer 5

Walk, move around, change positions throughout labor

Question 6

What is the 3rd lamaze healthy birth practice?

Answer 6

Bring a loved one, friend, or doula for continuous support.

Question 7

What is the 4th lamaze healthy birth practice?

Answer 7

Carefully evaluate the need for medical interventions

Question 8

What is the 5th lamaze healthy birth practice?

Answer 8

Avoid giving birth on your back and follow the bodies urges to push.

Question 9

What is the 6th lamaze healthy birth practice?

Answer 9

Keep the mother and baby together. Its the best way for the mother, baby, and breastfeeding.

Question 10

Genetics

Answer 10

Allows us to predict susceptibility, onset, progression and response to treatment. Advances in genetic testing and genetically based treatments have altered care.

Question 11

What is the nursing role in genetics and genomics?

Answer 11

1. Prenatal screening
2. Carrier testing
3. Newborn screening
4. Palliative care
5. Id of individual and family conditions
6. Special care during pregnancy.

Question 12

What is a zygote?

Answer 12

A diploid cell that is formed when the sperm fertilizes the ovum.

Question 13

Pre-embrionic stage

Answer 13

This represents the time of fertilization through the second week. During this time, there is a seres of mitotic dvisions which form a clevage followed by the formation of a morula, a solid ball of 12-16 cells. Thus morula forms an inner blastocyst and an outer trophoblast. The blastocyst will become the embryo and the placcent while the trophoblast will form the olaccenta and the chorion. Implantation occurs at day 10 once the endometrium thickens and beckmes the decidua

Question 14

Embryonic stage

Answer 14

This is the end of the second week through the eighth week. This is the most critical time in embryinic development when the basic structures of major body organs and main external featues develop

Question 15

Fetal stage

Answer 15

The end of the eight week until birth.

Question 16

Gestation

Answer 16

Lasts about 280 days, 10 lunar months, and 9 calendar months. A normak term is considered 37 to 42 weeks.

Question 17

Naegle’s rule

Answer 17

(LMP) last menstual period plus 7 days minus 3 months will give you the estimated due date

Question 18

During what time in pregnancy does the CNS develop?

Answer 18

Weeks 3-38. The period of development when major defects in the brain and spinal cord structure can occur is 3-20 wks. The period when major functional defects and minor structural defects can occur is 20-38 weeks.

Question 19

During which time in pregnancy does the heart develop?

Answer 19

Weeks 3-12. The period of development when major defects in hearts structure can occur is 3-7 wks. The period when major functional defects and minor structural defects can occur is 7-12 weeks.

Question 20

During which time in pregnancy do the arms and legs develop?

Answer 20

Weeks 4-12. The period of development when major defects in the arm and legs structure can occur is 4-7wks. The period when major functional defects and minor structural defects can occur is 7-12 weeks.

Question 21

During which time in pregnancy do the eyes develop?

Answer 21

Weeks 4-38. The period of development when major defects in the eye structure can occur is 4-8 wks. The period when major functional defects and minor structural defects can occur is 8-38 weeks.

Question 22

During which time in pregnancy do the teeth develop?

Answer 22

Weeks 6-38. The period of development when major defects in the tooth structure can occur is 6-12 wks. The period when major functional defects and minor structural defects can occur is 12-38 weeks.

Question 23

During which time in pregnancy does the palate develop?

Answer 23

Weeks 6-14. The period of development when major defects in the palate structure can occur is 6-12wks. The period when major functional defects and minor structural defects can occur is 12-14 weeks.

Question 24

During which time in pregnancy do the ears develop?

Answer 24

Weeks 4-20. The period of development when major defects in the ear structure can occur is 4-12 wks. The period when major functional defects and minor structural defects can occur is 12-20weeks.

Question 25

What are characteristics of the maternal side of the placcenta vs. Characteristics of the fetal side.

Answer 25

The maternal side “dirty duncan” contain s lobes (cotyledons) and grooves.it looks more rugged. The fetal side “shiny shults” is the inside of the amniotic sac. The umbilical vein abd arteries converge to form the cord.

Question 26

Amniotic fluid

Answer 26

The amount of amniotic fluid will increase as the pregnancy progresses. The fluid shifts back and forth across the placental membrane and the fetus contributes to fluid amount because it swallows and excretes fluid. The fetus will also urinate jnto the fluid. The amniotic fluid hells to maintain a constant body temperature for the fetus, it permits symmetric growth and musculoskeletal development, provides a cushion from trauma, is a barrier to infection and allows the umbilical cord to be relatively free of compression

Question 27

Umbilical cord

Answer 27

This essential part of fetal development is formed from the amnion. it contains 2 small arteries and 1 large vein.the vein carries oxygenated blood to the fetus and the arteries carry deoxgenated blood to the placcenta. Whaetons jelly surrounds the vein and arteries to prevent compression. The cord usually becomes 22 inches long and 1 inch wide

Question 28

Sequence of fetal circulation

Answer 28

Umbllical vein → ductus venosus→ inferior vena cava→ right atrium→ foramen ovale → left atrium → (pools to the) left ventrical
→ aorta
→ small amount to the pulmonary artery (a small amount of blood goes to the lungs) → ductus arteriosus → descending aorta → body → umbllical arteries

Question 29

Ductus venosus

Answer 29

Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

Question 30

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 30

Connects the main pulmonary artery to the aorta

Question 31

Foramen ovale

Answer 31

Anatomic opening between the right and left atrium

Question 32

Cardiovascular physiologic changes in a neonate?

Answer 32

1. There ss a decrease in pulmonary resistance which increases pulmonary bloodflow which increases systemic vascular resistance 2. Ductus venosus, auctus arteriosus, and foramen ovale close

Question 33

What types of risks do nurses assess for

Answer 33

Occurrence risk(first time risk), recurrence risk(history of a genetic disorder so risk of it happening a second time ), interpretation risk (the jnterpretation is for the parent to decide. You give them the tools to make a decision but it is ultimately up to them.

Question 34

Autosomal dominant inheritance

Answer 34

Occurs when a single gene in the heterozygous state is capable of producing the phenotype.

Question 35

Autosomal recessive inheritance

Answer 35

When two copies of the mutant must be present in the homozygus state are necessary to produce the phenotype

Question 36

X-linked recessive inheritance

Answer 36

Associated genes with on the x chromosome. Include hemophilia, color blindness, and duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 37

X-linked dominant inheritance

Answer 37

When a male has an abnormal x-chromosome or a female has one abnormal x-chromosome half of the children with have the phenotype

Question 38

What are nongenetic factors influencing development?

Answer 38

Teratogens = drugs, chemicals, infection, exposure to radiation, maternal conditions
Maternal nutrition =malnutrition

Question 39

Abnormalites resulting from chromosome number

Answer 39

Monosomies, trisomies, polyploidy

Question 40

Abnormalities of chromosome structure

Answer 40

Deletions, inversions, and transiocations