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ME ELECTIVE 1 > MODULE 2 (1.1) - FUNDAMENTALS OF FRICTION AND WEAR > Flashcards

MODULE 2 (1.1) - FUNDAMENTALS OF FRICTION AND WEAR Flashcards

1
Q

the science that deals with the study of friction, wear, and lubrication
of interacting surfaces in relative motion

A

Tribology

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2
Q

from the Greek Word tribos , meaning “rubbing”

A

Tribology

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3
Q

the Greek Word with meaning “rubbing”

A

tribos

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4
Q

meaning of the Greek word tribos

A

rubbing

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5
Q

Large mass

A

Macrotribology

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6
Q

Heavy load

A

Macrotribology

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7
Q

Wear

(Inevitable)

A

Macrotribology

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8
Q

Bulk material

A

Macrotribology

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9
Q

Small mass

(μg)

A

Micro/Nanotribology

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10
Q

Light load

(μg to mg)

A

Micro/Nanotribology

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11
Q

No wear

No wear (few atomic layers)

A

Micro/Nanotribology

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12
Q

Surface

Surface (few atomic layers)

A

Micro/Nanotribology

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13
Q

the resistance to movement of one body over another body

A

Friction

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14
Q

from the Latin verb fricare, meaning “to rub”

A

Friction

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15
Q

Latin verb meaning “to rub”

A

fricare

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16
Q

meaning of the Latin verb fricare

A

to rub

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17
Q

between contacting bodies, it is manifested as the forcé that must be overcome to initiate or sustain motion, and as the energy dissipated during relative motion

A

Friction

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18
Q

the force needed to overcome the potential energy barriers between atoms in order to initiate sliding

A

Static Friction

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19
Q

the mechanisms for dissipating energy as
atoms slide over each other

A

Kinetic Friction

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20
Q

the impairment and damage of contacting surfaces due to adhesión, fatigue, abrasion, erosion, cavitation, oxidation, fretting, impact, melting and diffusion

21
Q

the provision of a separating fluid between contacting surfaces to reduce friction and wear

A

Lubrication

22
Q

First Law of Friction

A

Definition of Coefficient of Friction

(Amontons)

23
Q

F =

24
Q

the frictional force is independent of the apparent area of contact

A

Second Law

(Amontons)

25
Q

once sliding stops, the force needed to initiate sliding (static friction) is greater than the force needed to sustain sliding (kinetic friction)

A

Second Law

(Amontons)

26
Q

kinetic friction is independent of sliding velocity

A

Third Law

(Coulomb)

27
Q

postulated in 1508 the concept of characteristic coefficient of friction as the ratio of frictional force to normal load

A

Leonardo Da Vinci

(Italy)

28
Q

established in 1699 the significance of a coefficient of friction, which is independent of the apparent area of contact

A

Guillaume Amontons

(France)

29
Q

distinguished in 1785 the difference between static and kinetic friction

A

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

(France)

30
Q

developed an analytical model to describe abrasive wear leading to the Archard equation and the
dimensionless wear coefficient 𝑘

A

John Archard

(UK)

31
Q

wood, stone, leather, iron and copper were commonly used as bearing materials through the years prior to the Industrial Age

A

Bearing Materials

32
Q

suggested in 1684 to use steel shafts/bell metal bushes in lieu of wood shod with iron for wheel bearings

A

Robert Hooke

(UK)

33
Q

patented in 1839 high lead and high tin alloys and was widely used in industrial, automotive and railway applications

A

Isaac Babbitt

(US)

34
Q

were introduced in 1900

A

tool steels

35
Q

were introduced in 1920’s

A

porous metal bearings

36
Q

were used on chariot wheels as lubricant before 1400 BC

A

Tallow

(Animal Fat)

37
Q

were commonly used prior to the advance in the petroleum industry

A

vegetable oil

38
Q

opened in Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1859, ushering the modern petroleum industry

A

Drake well

39
Q

reached 9500𝑚3/𝑦𝑟 in the next 20 years after that “Drake Well”

A

Lubricant production

40
Q

to upgrade the properties and extend lives of lubricanting oils began in 1920

A

chemical additives

41
Q

studied in 1849 and 1854, respectively, shafts and bearings running in full hydrodynamic conditions

A

Friedrich August von Pauli (Germany) and Gustave Adolphe Hirn (France)

42
Q

found out in 1883 the principles of hydrodynamic phenomenon in fluid film bearing

A

Nikilay Petroff

(Russia)

43
Q

discovered in 1883 hydrodynamic lubrication experimentally and reported the generation of pressure in the oil film of a journal bearing

A

Beauchamp Tower

(UK)

44
Q

developed in 1886 a mathematical expression for this pressure build up in hydrodynamic lubrication

A

Osborne Reynolds

(UK)

45
Q

Advances in computation of the ________ built upon the works of Sommerfeld (Germany, 1904), Cameron/Wood (Canada/US, 1949) and Pinkus/Raimondi/Boyd (US, 1958) proved helpful on the evaluation of dynamic effects in fluid film lubrication

A

hydrodynamic phenomena

46
Q

the earliest ball bearing was developed in UK

47
Q

ball bearings were used in bicycles

48
Q

a patent for deep groove ball bearing with cage was awarded

49
Q

a Swedish bearing manufacturer was founded

ME ELECTIVE 1 (6 decks)

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