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Welder 1 > 120102g > Flashcards

120102g Flashcards

1
Q

Temperature expressed in degrees Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius refers to the measure of the
A) intensity of energy
B) amount of energy
C) volume of energy
D) quantity of energy

A

A) intensity of energy

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2
Q

The term heat expresses
A) quantity
B) degrees
C) temperature
D) intensity

A

A) quantity

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3
Q

Which is a common cause of distortion
A) using specified welding procedures
B) unequal heating and cooling of welds
C) free expansion and contraction
D) equal heating and cooling of welds

A

B) unequal heating and cooling of welds

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4
Q

When he did evenly and without restraint in which direction does metal expand
A) transversely ( across)
B) Longitudinally ( lengthwise)
C) volumetrically ( in all directions)
D) only upwards and downwards

A

C) volumetrically ( in all directions)

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5
Q

Transitional expansion occurs when a metal changes from
A) a solid state to a liquid state
B) one crystalline structure to another
C) one colour to another
D) a liquid state to a solid state

A

B) one crystalline structure to another

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6
Q

Which type of distortion results from shrinkage across the world that’s tends to pull a member of Tee joint toward the welded side
A) transitional distortion
B) transverse distortion
C) longitudinal distortion
D) angular distortion

A

D) angular distortion

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7
Q

Which type of distortion results in an overall reduction in length of the weld
A) transitional distortion
B) transverse distortion
C) longitudinal distortion
D) angular distortion

A

C) longitudinal distortion

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8
Q

Which type of distortion refers to the tend( in butt joints ) for the plates to draw together down the length of the joint as you are welding
A) transitional distortion
B) transverse distortion
C) longitudinal distortion
D) angular distortion

A

B) transverse distortion

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9
Q

What causes angular distortion in a Vee groove weld if the plates are free to move?
A) the non-uniform contraction of the weld metal
B) the rapid cooling of the wild metal
C) making tax too small on the end of the plate
D) the metal expanding when it cools

A

A) the non-uniform contraction of the weld metal

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10
Q

What is the primary cause of distortion created from longitudinal shrinkage
A) welding at a slow rate of speed
B) making tax too small at the ends
C) a weld made using the wrong polarity
D) weld beads contracting upon cooling

A

D) weld beads contracting upon cooling

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11
Q

What welding variable is more likely to have the plates of a butt joint draw together, causing transverse distortion
A) welding at a faster rate
B) using straight polarity
C) using reverse polarity
D) welding at a slower rate

A

D) welding at a slower rate

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12
Q

What is one method you can use to correct angular distortion on butt joints
A) weld with one pass
B) weld with many passes
C) weld on both sides
D) Allow the plates to move freely

A

C) weld on both sides

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13
Q

How can you reduce longitudinal distortion?
A) keep weld reinforcement to a minimum
B) weld on one side of the joint only
C) you slow welding speeds
D) avoid back stepping

A

A) keep weld reinforcement to a minimum

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14
Q

What is one method to reduce transverse distortion?
A) use a slow deposition rate
B) use a fast deposition rate
C) align the plate so that the space between them decreases along the length of the weld
D) before welding set the plates closer together than you need for the finish weld

A

B) use a fast deposition rate

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15
Q

What is a disadvantage to rigid clamping and fixturing?
A) set up time slows down production
B) some distortion can occur after releasing the clamping
C) rigid clamping, and fixturing material is expensive
D) this method cannot be used on objects with square corners

A

B) some distortion can occur after releasing the clamping

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16
Q

What is one advantage of a jigging device?
A) it prevents shrinking of parts
B) it allows for welding in all positions and reduces productivity
C) it, maintains accuracy of the finished product
D) it prevents uneven contraction

A

C) it, maintains accuracy of the finished product

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17
Q

Pieces of metal placed on either side of the joint that absorbed the heat of the weld and help prevent distortion are called
A) plate clamps
B) weld positioners
C) chill strips
D) back up bars

A

C) chill strips

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18
Q

What is the purpose of balancing welds around the neutral access of a worn shaft?
A) to equalize the contractions stresses of the welds
B) to increase the heat buildup into the shaft
C) to get more uniform we build up
D) to allow the use of larger electrodes

A

A) to equalize the contractions stresses of the welds

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19
Q

How can you help control distortion when welding light gauge metal
A) increase the preheat temperature
B) decrease your welding speed
C) increase the number of tacks
D) maintain a 90° electrode inclination

A

C) increase the number of tacks

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20
Q

Which fillet weld application produces the greatest amount of distortion
A) staggered intermittent fillet welds
B) a small fillet weld with a concave profile
C) fillet welds produced with one continuous past
D) multi pass fillet welds with a convex profile

A

D) multi pass fillet welds with a convex profile

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21
Q

What is one characteristic of a good welding design?
A) it uses many rapid changes in cross-section
B) it uses formed or roll sections
C) it uses as many small pieces as possible
D) it uses vertical and overhead position weld as much as possible

A

B) it uses formed or roll sections

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22
Q

When several plates must be welded together with butt joints, what is the best weld sequence to control distortion?
A) weld from the outside edges and toward the centre in both directions
B) weld from the corners and toward the centre in all directions
C) weld in concentric circles toward the centre without back stepping
D) weld from the center, and toward the outside in both directions

A

D) weld from the center, and toward the outside in both directions

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23
Q

What is the advantage of using sub assemblies?
A) they provide more welds in the flat position
B) they provide for more welds in vertical and overhead positions
C) jigs, and skeleton frames are not necessary
D) they eliminate the need for formed or rolled sections

A

A) they provide more welds in the flat position

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24
Q

All metals, except _____, expand when heated and contract when cooled.
a) Al
b) bismuth
c) titanium
d) copper

A

b) bismuth

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25
Q

List 3 types of expansion

A

Solid expansion
Transitional expansion
Fluid expansion

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26
Q

_____ expansion occurs in metal that is in a solid state and has not reached its transition temperature.
a) Solid expansion
b) Transitional expansion
d) Fluid expansion

A

a) Solid expansion

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27
Q

_______ expansion takes place when metal changes from one crystalline structure to another while it is still a solid
a) Solid expansion
b) Transitional expansion
d) Fluid expansion

A

b) Transitional expansion

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28
Q

____ expansion occurs during the change from a solid to a
a) Solid expansion
b) Transitional expansion
d) Fluid expansion

A

d) Fluid expansion

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29
Q

When metal is welded, it transitions through all three types of expansion starting with ____ expansion.
a) Solid expansion
b) Transitional expansion
d) Fluid expansion

A

a) Solid expansion

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30
Q

A body of metal that is heated evenly and is allowed to expand freely in all directions and then is allowed to cool freely returns to its original shape when it reaches its original temperature.
Above describes what type of expansion/contraction?
a) Solid expansion
b) Transitional expansion
c) Fluid expansion
d) Free expansion
e) Free contraction

A

d) Free expansion
- sometimes called volumetric expansion

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31
Q

If a metal is heated and is restrained in one direction, it is forced to expand more in other directions, and it does not return to its original shape. This condition is known as _______
a) upset
b) distortion

A

a) upset

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32
Q

What is a special tool for removing broken bolts

A

an easy out

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33
Q

______ is the result of stresses being set-up in the work through heating, coupled with factors such as expansion, upset and contraction.
a) malformation
b) deformation
c) upset
d) distortion

A

d) distortion

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34
Q

What are the three types of distortion

A

Angular
Transverse
Longitudinal

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35
Q

What type of distortion fits this description:
- Is a rotation around the weld line.
a) Angular distortion
b) Transverse distortion
c) Longitudinal distortion

A

a) Angular distortion - causes warpage

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36
Q

What type of distortion fits this description:
- is perpendicular to the weld line.
a) Angular distortion
b) Transverse distortion
c) Longitudinal distortion

A

b) Transverse distortion - dimensional distortion ( dimensions change due to the contraction of the weld)

37
Q

What type of distortion fits this description:
- occurs parallel to the weld line.
a) Angular distortion
b) Transverse distortion
c) Longitudinal distortion

A

c) Longitudinal distortion- dimensional distortion ( dimensions change due to the contraction of the weld)

38
Q

_____ distortion is most prominent on Tee joints and butt joints that are welded on one side only.
a) Angular distortion
b) Transverse distortion
c) Longitudinal distortion

A

a) Angular distortion

39
Q

Angular distortion is greater on single Vee groove butt joints than on single U groove due to more weld metal
True or False

A

True

40
Q

_____ distortion refers to the tendency in butt joints for the plates to draw together down the length of the joint as you are welding.
a) Angular distortion
b) Transverse distortion
c) Longitudinal distortion
d) Transverse upset

A

b) Transverse distortion

41
Q

A _________ increases the likelihood of transverse distortion: a faster rate helps to control it.
a) faster travel speed
b) slower travel speed
c) faster deposition rate
d) slower deposition rate

A

d) slower deposition rate

42
Q

To prevent transverse distortion faster deposition rates are used.
What is another method.
1. Faster deposition rates
2.

A

Place a wedge ahead of the joint to hold the plates apart.
This acts like a tack weld without affecting metal composition

43
Q

_____ refers to distortion or shrinkage along the length of the weldment.
a) Angular distortion
b) Transverse distortion
c) Longitudinal distortion
d) Transverse upset

A

c) Longitudinal distortion

44
Q

Longitudinal distortion is particularly noticeable in long welds along strips of steel.
This distortion results in an overall ______ in the length of the weld
a) increase
b) decrease
c) width increases
d) width decreases

A

a) increase

45
Q

True / False
You can reduce longitudinal distortion by keeping the reinforcement on groove welds and the convexity of fillet welds to a minimum.

A

True

46
Q

True / False
Longitudinal distortion can be somewhat controlled if the heat input is evenly distributed on both sides of the weld and if you use high welding speeds.

A

True

47
Q

Distortion can be controlled with what 3 methods?

A

mechanical
procedural
design methods

48
Q

List 3 examples of mechanical methods of controlling distortion

A

All of the below are correct
- jigs and skeleton frames,
- strongbacks,
- pre-setting and pre-bending,
- rigid clamping and fixturing,
- chill strips,
- backing strips and
- sub-assemblies.

49
Q

You can make allowances for distortion by _____ the parts to allow for the shrinking pull of the weld.
a) prebending
b) widening the root opening
c) presetting the plates
d) both a & d

A

d) both a & d
pre bending and presetting refer to the same process however pretending often uses clamps to restrain the pieces.

50
Q

What is an alternative to prebending/presetting plates?

A

Rigid clamping & fixturing

51
Q

The greater the restraint against contraction is, the greater the ______ that are induced
a) Angular distortion
b) Transverse distortion
c) Residual stresses
d) Transverse upset

A

c) Residual stresses

52
Q

Does restraint also increase the possibility of cracking once the welds have cooled. Y/N

A

Yes - restraint also increases the possibility of cracking once the welds have cooled

53
Q

________ refers to the buildup of internal stresses within either the weld or the parent metal
a) Angular distortion
b) Transverse distortion
c) Residual stresses
d) Transverse upset

A

c) Residual stresses

54
Q

Using a jig has what 3 main purposes?

A

accuracy
uniformity of product
cost reduction by increased production.

55
Q

A skeleton frame is an ______ or ______ which parts are clamped or otherwise held in place for welding.
a) skeleton outer frame, & internal frame
b) skeleton internal frame, skeleton outer frame
c) internal frame, skeleton outer frame
d) both a & c

A

d) both a & c both describe the same components

56
Q

A _______ is a heavily built, high-strength object placed opposite the parts to be welded. The parts may be clamped directly to the ______ to maintain alignment.
a) adjustable, positionable vice
b) strong back
c) skeleton frame
d) jig

A

b) strong back

57
Q

______ are heavy strips of metal that are placed on either side of the weld shoulders and are generally clamped to a heavy backer. ____ are most often used on welded light gauge sheet metal fabrications.
a) adjustable, positionable vice
b) strong back
c) chill strips
d) jig

A

c) chill strips

58
Q

Can chill strips also be used as an alignment jig?

A

Yes especially when using angle iron as clamps have a secure surface to grab onto

59
Q

________ are strips of metal or other material that are placed at the back (root) side of groove weld joint preparations.
a) backing strips (backers)
b) strong back
c) chill strips
d) jig

A

a) backing strips (backers)

60
Q

Are backers placed on the root side or the cap side of the weldment?

A

root side

61
Q

To help reduce distortion, it is always advisable to break the work into a number of component parts and weld these parts first before attaching them to the main assembly.
The term for this description is:
a) component assembly
b) sub-components
c) sub-assemblies
d) fixture assembl

A

c) sub-assemblies

62
Q

The principle behind ______ is that the shrinkage forces set up by one weld are counteracted by the shrinkage forces in subsequent welds.
* procedural methods
* WPS
* WSP
* welding specifications

A
  • procedural methods
63
Q

What are the top 3 procedural methods

A
  • planning the welding sequence
  • welding at a fast and even rate of travel,
  • pre-set and joint preparation
    Below are the other methods
  • welding around the neutral axis, stagger welding,
  • skip welding, back step welding, tack welding,
  • using fewer weld passes,
  • preheating the work and
  • specialized equipment.
64
Q

A _______ is the order in which the welds of a structure or project are completed.
* direction of weld travel
* order of directions
* welding sequence
* WPS

A
  • welding sequence
65
Q

What are the top 3 welding sequence guidelines?

A
  • Decide on the direction of each weld. Generally, it is best to work from the centre outwards in both directions. Weld short seams before longitudinal seams.
    tacked.
  • Decide what the proper joint preparation should be.
  • Avoid an excessive number of weld passes.
    Below are the other guidelines to consider
  • Choose the type of distortion control (welding around neutral axis, back stepping, stagger welding or skip welding).
  • Consider whether the joints are free to move or should be rigidly tacked.
    Decide whether pre-setting, pre-bending or pre-heating is needed.
  • Weld butt joints before lap joints.
  • The type of material may affect your decision in some respects (pre-heat or post-heat).
66
Q

The center of the tank bottom is at what location
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

A

a) 1

67
Q

The welding for this tank bottom would proceed
a) outwards from center, long seams before short seams
b) towards center, long seams before short seams
c) outwards from centre & short seams before long seams
d) towards center, long seams before short seams

A

c) outwards from centre & short seams before long seams

68
Q

By planning a welding sequence in such a way that one weld pull is counteracted by another weld pull in the opposite direction, you are working around the _________
a) horizontal axis
b) vertical axis
c) radial axis
d) neutral axis

A

d) neutral axis

69
Q

The _______ is the theoretical centre of an object or an imaginary line where neither tension nor compression would exist if the object were bent.
a) horizontal axis
b) vertical axis
c) radial axis
d) neutral axis

A

d) neutral axis

70
Q

One of the most common examples of working around the neutral axis is building up worn shafts.
True or False

A

True

71
Q

Welding in a continuous spiral around a worn roller offers a more even distribution of heat and thus less distortion and less softening of roller flanges.
True or False

A

True

72
Q

The principle involved in _____ is the spreading of heat throughout the joint.
a) spiral welding
b) stagger welding
c) skip welding
d) back step welding

A

b) stagger welding

73
Q

With ______, weld deposits are applied in increments on each side of the centre of the joint.
a) spiral welding
b) stagger welding
c) skip welding
d) back step welding

A

c) skip welding

74
Q

With the _______ method, the first weld begins a short distance from the end with the direction of travel toward that end.
a) spiral welding
b) stagger welding
c) skip welding
d) back step welding

A

d) back step welding

75
Q

On long seams, ______ can be controlled by starting the weld a short distance in from the end of the joint and making a short weld first
a) Angular distortion
b) Transverse distortion
c) Longitudinal distortion
d) General distortion

A

d) General distortion

76
Q

What are the top 2 guidelines when deciding on the number and frequency of tack welds.

A
  • The thinner the material the closer the tacks should be
  • narrow strips require more tacks than wide strips
  • flat objects require more tacks than cylindrical pieces
77
Q

On butt joints, which weld is preferable over a Vee preparation
a) double V-Groove
b) single U-Groove
c) double U- Groove
d) single bevel

A

single U-Groove as it requires less weld metal to fill the joint

78
Q

Avoid too many passes when welding because this heating and cooling leads to higher _____.
a) risk of weld cracking
b) porosity
c) distortion
d) inclusions

A

c) distortion

79
Q

True or False
One pass performed at a high current setting results in less distortion than depositing several passes.

A

True

80
Q

One large pass results in more
a) shrinkage
b) coarse grain structure
c) fine grain structure
d) distortion

A

b) coarse grain structure
however, you have to strike a balance between number of passes versus grain structure; *a few smaller passes is better than one large or many very small passes.

81
Q

Weld at a fast, even rate of travel to keep the HAZ narrow and to prevent too much heat from creeping ahead of the weld.
The slower the speed is, the more the heat creeps ahead and the higher the ________ is.
a) shrinkage
b) coarse grain structure
c) fine grain structure
d) distortion

A

d) distortion

82
Q

Distortion can be neutralized if you apply a _______ directly opposite where you weld the coupling. Preheat about the expected width of the heat-affected zone caused by welding.
a) flame
b) general preheat
c) local preheat
d) post heat

A

c) local preheat

83
Q

A water-jet cutting machine requires no heat input and can cut _______ materials easily. Because no heat is put into the work, there is no uneven cooling.
a) ferrous
b) non- ferrous
c) both ferrous & non ferrous

A

c) both ferrous & non ferrous

84
Q

A good design for welding contains the least possible number of pieces and the _____ of weld metal.
a) maximum
b) minimum
c) amount of weld material doesn’t matter only the amt of heat imposed

A

b) minimum

85
Q

Is it preferable to use round or square corners?

A

round - this prevents a change in direction of the stress flow lines which causes a notching effect

86
Q

If you are joining materials of significantly different thicknesses, use a______ transition to smooth out rapid changes in cross-section.
a) staggered
b) tapered
c) stacked
d) dovetail

A

b) tapered

87
Q

Note:
The welds run in line or longitudinally with the frame. Do not weld on the ends or across the carrying members. Welding across the frame can set up high stresses that can lead to cracking when the frame is stressed or loaded.

A
88
Q

When stacking multiple sections of sheet metal to create a cylinder would you stack them in line with the next or staggered like bricks?

A

Staggered

89
Q
A

Welder 1 (40 decks)

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