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CAA Module 15 > Module 15.9 Lubricants and Fuels > Flashcards

Module 15.9 Lubricants and Fuels Flashcards

1
Q

What are aviation fuel additives?

A

Compounds added to the fuel in very small quantities

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2
Q

How are additives measured?

A

Parts per million (ppm)

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3
Q

Name a fuel anti-ice additive?

A

Prist®

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4
Q

How is anti-ice additive added to fuel?

A

To bulk fuel and directly into the fuel tank, usually during refuelling.

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5
Q

What do anti-ice additives also inhibit?

A

Bacterial growth

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6
Q

What must be kept to a minimum in fuel?

A

Water

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7
Q

When stored, what should synthetic oils be protected against?

A

High temperatures

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8
Q

What should be checked before use of synthetic oils?

A

Shelf life

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9
Q

Why should open containers not be reused?

A

It will absorb sufficient moisture from the atmosphere to render it unusable.

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

What are the four main tasks of oil?

A

Lubricating
Cooling
Cleaning
Corrosion protection

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12
Q

What cleans the system from contamination?

A

Oil

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12
Q

Why is lubrication needed?

A

To reduce friction between metal surfaces.

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12
Q

Why is cooling needed?

A

To remove heat in the lubricating areas caused by the operating engine.

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13
Q

What are the two types of oil?

A

Synthetic oils
Mineral oils

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14
Q

What are the types of synthetic oil?

A

Type 1, 2 and 3

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15
Q

Which type of synthetic oil is mostly used on modern gas turbine engines?

A

Type 2

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16
Q

How does type 3 synthetic oil differ from type 2?

A

Type 3 oil has higher thermal stability and viscosity at high temperatures.

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17
Q

What is viscosity measured in?

A

Centistokes

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18
Q

What is the viscosity of type 1 synthetic oil?

A

3 centistokes

19
Q

What is the viscosity of type 2 synthetic oil?

A

5 centistokes

20
Q

What is viscosity index?

A

The effect temperature has on the viscosity of the oil.

A higher number indicates a viscosity least affected by a change in temperature.

21
Q

What is the most important characteristic of engine oil?

A

Viscosity

22
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The internal resistance of a fluid against deformation.

23
Q

What does the viscosity of the oil depend on?

A

Temperature

24
Q

What is the viscosity of oil at high temp and what is it at low temp?

A

High at low temperatures and low at high temperatures.

25
Q

What is pour point?

A

The lowest temperature that oil will visibly move in a 31.75 mm test tube held horizontally for 5 seconds.

26
Q

What is the pour point of type 2 synthetic oils?

A

-57 °C

27
Q

Define flashpoint

A

The lowest temperature that the oil will give off enough vapour to flash when a flame is applied.

28
Q

What is the flash-point of type 2 synthetic oils?

A

Higher than 250 °C.

29
Q

What is oxidation resistance?

A

The ability for the oil to resist reacting with oxygen.

30
Q

What is thermal stability?

A

The resistance to the decomposition of the oil compounds at high temperatures.

31
Q

What is oil foaming?

A

The measure of the resistance of the oil to separate from entrapped air.

32
Q

What is rubber swelling?

A

The amount the oil will cause a particular rubber compound to swell.

33
Q

What is coking?

A

The amount of carbon residue remaining in the oil after being subjected to extreme heating.

34
Q

What kerosene fuels are most commonly used in gas turbine engines?

A

Jet A1 and Jet A.

35
Q

Where is Jet A1 most commonly used?

A

Europe

36
Q

Where is Jet A most commonly used?

A

America

37
Q

What is the flash point of Jet B fuel?

A

‑20 °C (‑4 °F)

38
Q

When must type of fuel be recorded?

A

When refuelling

39
Q

What two way can water appear in fuel?

A

Dissolved and therefore invisible or suspended.

40
Q

Why must water in fuel be removed periodically?

A

It encourages ice build-up.

41
Q

What is another problem with water in fuel, other than ice build-up?

A

Support microbial growth in the tanks.

42
Q

What is the name for the fuel anti-ice additive?

A

Prist®

43
Q

How can fuel anti-ice additives such as Prist® can be added?

A

To the bulk fuel or directly into the fuel tank.

44
Q

What should synthetic oils be protected agains when stored?

A

Extreme temperatures

45
Q

Why should open synthetic oil containers not be reused?

A

It will absorb moisture from the atmosphere and make it unusable.

46
Q

How should a fuel leak be dealt with?

A

First, stop the leakage flow. Then, add a binding agent to the fuel spillage.

CAA Module 15 (18 decks)

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