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Geology 4th Semester Final > Module 14 > Flashcards

Module 14 Flashcards

1
Q

THE WCSB is a good example of what kind of basin and what did it result from?

A

Retroarc foreland basin, resulting from a convergent boundary

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2
Q

retroarc foreland basins are formed due to what?

A

mechanical subsidence of a plate and sediment loading on the over riding plate

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3
Q

where is the rate of subsidence greatest in a foreland basin?

A

adjacent to the thrust loading

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4
Q

what three periods are under the mesozoic era?

A

triassic , jurassic, cretaceous

age of the reptiles

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5
Q

where was the Tethys sea in relation to pangaea?

A

between africa and europe and between india and asia

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6
Q

when did pangaea begin to break up?

A

mesozoic

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7
Q

when pangaea broke up what were the northern and southern continents called?

A

N - Laurasia

S - Gondwana

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8
Q

As north america ad europe separated what were they called?

A

Laurentia and Baltica

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9
Q

how many stages did the pangaea break up occur in?

A

four

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10
Q

what happened during stage 1 of pangaea’s break up?

A
  • rifting and separation of N America b/c of rifting and volcanism along normal faults
  • Normal Faulting -> intrusion of dikes and lava
  • Atlantic ocean widened through the extrusion of oceanic basalts
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11
Q

what happened during stage 2 of pangaea’s break up?

A
  • rifting and separation of Africa, India and Antarctica

- Large volumes of Basalt were extruded

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12
Q

what happened during stage 3 of pangaea’s break up?

A
  • South America separated from Africa

- India moving toward asia

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13
Q

what happened during stage 4 of pangaea’s break up?

A
  • Continued into the Cenozoic

- Anatarctica and Australia separated 45 mya

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14
Q

what happened during stage 4 of pangaea’s break up?

A
  • Continued into the Cenozoic

- Anatarctica and Australia separated 45 mya

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15
Q

What was the climate like during the Mesozoic ?

A

Warmer climate along with the atmosphere had a higher CO2 content

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16
Q

What was the biggest event during the Mesozoic? and what did this event change worldwide?

A

The break-up of Pangaea and this event changed ocean circulation patterns and climates worldwide

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17
Q

when were the Rocky Mountains and Atlantic Ocean born?

A

During the Mesozoic

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18
Q

When did the oil gas traps in the gulf of mexico originate?

A

Mesozoic

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19
Q

What happened to the temperatures during the break up pangaea?

A

The global temperatures remained stable

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20
Q

Where was the North American craton situated in reference to the Sea Level during the Mesozoic

A

Above sea level

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21
Q

During the Cretaceous period the Eastern Coastal Region was inundated by what?

A

Marine Transgression

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22
Q

what was the site of major evaporite accumulation during the jurassic as North america drifted from south South America

A

Gulf Coastal Region

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23
Q

When were evaporites deposited in the Gulf of Mexico ? And what minerals were they made up of?

A

During the Late Triassic and Jurassic

- Thick beds of Gypsum and Salt, more than 1000m

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24
Q

During the Mesozoic : The tectonism affecting W North America consisted of the following orogenies:

A

Sonoma
Nevadan
Sevier
Laramide

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25
Q

Why were the mesozoic orogeny’s in W. North America formed?

A

Due to the changing angle of subduction of the oceanic farallon plate under the continental north american plate

26
Q

what caused the sonoma orogeny in the triassic period?

A

caused by the collision of a volcanic arc with western north america

27
Q

when did the rocky mountains form?

A

during the Laramide orogeny

28
Q

What is accretionary tectonics?

A

the growth of a continent by addition of exotic terranes

29
Q

mesozoic mineral resources include what?

A

coal , petroleum, uranium, gold and copper

30
Q

why is coal deposited in WCSB valued?

A

because of its low sulphur content

31
Q

what type of beds were deposited from volcanoes in W. North America

A

large thin beds of ash

32
Q

The volcanic ash deposited from the volcanoes in W north america was called what?

A

Volcanic ash and is now altered to a soft clay called Bentonite

33
Q

Why is bentonite useful?

A

for correlation and serve as time horizons (they can be dated radiometrically)

34
Q

What era was the mass extinction of dinosaurs in?

A

Mesozoic which is hypothesized to occur because of the impact of a large meteorite on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

35
Q

What era was the mass extinction of dinosaurs in?

A

Mesozoic which is hypothesized to occur because of the impact of a large meteorite on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

36
Q

what species survived the permian extinction?

A

Ammonite

37
Q

What are ammonites?

A

Invertebrates

38
Q

where are the primary petroleum locations of the mesozoic era

A

Prudhoe bay, Alaska, Eastern Canada/Hibernia, WCSB

39
Q

what are the five major producing formation from the triassic?

A 
Charlie Lake
Baldonnel
Halfway
Doig
Montney
40
Q

what are the five major producing formation from the triassic?

A 
Charlie Lake
Baldonnel
Halfway
Doig
Montney
41
Q

what are pre-orogenic sequences of the lower jurassic comprised of?

A

platformal limestones and cherts, and wiedespread organic rich shales

42
Q

what is the upper jurassic is dominated primaly by what?

A

non-marine sandstones and is the first undisputed orogenic foreland trough deposits

43
Q

what are major producing formation in the jurassic?

A

rock creek
sawtooth
upper and lower shaunavon
Nordegg

44
Q

what are major producing formation in the jurassic?

A

rock creek
sawtooth
upper and lower shaunavon
Nordegg

45
Q

Where was Cenezoic tectonism concentrated?

A

in the Alpine-Himalayan and circum-Pacific belts

46
Q

What active volcanoes are in the Circum-Pacific Orogenic Belt?

A

Andes in South American
Aleutians
Cascades in North America
Island of Japan and in the Phillipines

47
Q

What happend to the North American Cordillera during the Cenzoic?

A

Experience widespread mountain building, volcanism, uplift. and deep erosion/

48
Q

What did the Laramide Orogeny create?

A

Basin and range structures
Extensive igneous acitivity
Uplift and erosion

49
Q

What is the highest mountains in the Cordillera?

A

Cascade Range

50
Q

What is the highest mountains in the Cordillera?

A

Cascade Range

51
Q

Basin and range province is composed of what?

A

crust that was stretched and thinned as the Farallon plate subducted

52
Q

The Colorado plateau is what?

A

a vast raised flat plain with volcanic mountains rising around its sides. Erosion has carved many deep canyons and gorges in the plateau (including Grand Canyon)

53
Q

What percent of the Earth’s surface was covered with glaciers in the Pleistocene?

A

30%

54
Q

What percent of the Earth’s surface was covered with glaciers in the Pleistocene?

A

30%

55
Q

What area did the Pleistocene continenetal glaciers cover?

A

Northern Hemisphere contienents

56
Q

What were the effects of the Pleistocene Glaciation?

A

Sea level was 130m lower than tpday

Streams transported vast amounts of sediment out to sea to be deposited at the base of the slope in submarine fan.

57
Q

What are proglacial lakes?

A

formed by meltwater that accumulates along the margin of the glaciers.

58
Q

What lakes were formed due to Proglacial lakes?

A

Great Lakes

59
Q

What were the rock resources from the Cenezoic?

A

Oil in sedimentary rocks (not ab)
deposits of gold
Evaporite minerals such as borax and halite

60
Q

US Gulf Coast contains approximately how much recoverable oil and from what period?

A

21.5 billion bbls mostly from Cenezoic reservoirs

Geology 4th Semester Final (8 decks)

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