Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geology 4th Semester Final > module 12 > Flashcards

module 12 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a sedimentary basin?

A

a synclinal depression in the earth’s crust containing a thick sequence of sedimentary rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a sedimentary basin?

A

a synclinal depression in the earth’s crust containing a thick sequence of sedimentary rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name some basins in WCSB

A

Pacific Basin, Alberta Basin, Athabasca Basin, Precambrian Shield, Mackenzie Basins, Wiliston Basin, Intramontane Basins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The plate tectonic theory explains where to find these sedimentary basins based on their (two things)

A

Physiographic Position 1)continental 2)oceanic 3)transitional between these two
Type of Plate Boundary 1)divergent 2)convergent 3)transform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are three basin types?

A 
Intraplate basins (pre-rift)
Divergent - margin basin (syn-rift)
Intraplate basins (post-rift)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two types of Intraplate basins (pre-rift)

And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

A

Intracratonic Basins (interior sag basins)
Divergent tectonics
Graben structures (interior fracture basins)
–Divergent tectonics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the type of basin in a divergent-margin basin (syn-rift)
And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

A

Rift basin

–Divergence tectonics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two types of basins in a Intraplate basins (post-rift)
And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

A

Divergent continental margins
Oceanic sag basins
–Divergent tectonics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are six basin types?

A 
Intraplate basins (pre-rift)
Divergent - margin basin (syn-rift)
Intraplate basins (post-rift)
Convergent-margin Basins
Collision and post-collision basin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two types of Intraplate basins (pre-rift)

And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

A

Intracratonic Basins (interior sag basins)
–continenal / Divergent tectonics
Graben structures (interior fracture basins)
–continenal / Divergent tectonics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the type of basin in a divergent-margin basin (syn-rift)
And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

A

Rift basin

–transitional/oceanic / Divergence tectonics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two types of basins in a Intraplate basins (post-rift)
And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

A

Divergent continental margins
–transitional / divergence
Oceanic sag basins
–oceanic / Divergent tectonics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the five types of basins in a Convergent-margin basin?
And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

A 
Subduction zones
--oceanic / convergence
Forearc, interarc, intra-arc backarc basins
--transitional / oceanic divergence
Retoarc foreland systems
--continental / flexural
Proarc foreland systems
--oceanic / flexural
Piggyback basin
--continenal / convergence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the one basin that is Symmetric?

A

Forearc basin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the one basin that is Symmetric?

A

Forearc basin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three types of basins in a Collision and post-collision basin?
And what type tectonic plate boundary exists there?

A 
Remnant Basins(paleo-trenches)
--oceanic / convergence
Intramontane Basins(thrust-fold belts)
--continental / divergence
Foreland systems (pro/retro)
--Continental / flexural
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are six basin types?

A 
Intraplate basins (pre-rift)
Divergent - margin basin (syn-rift)
Intraplate basins (post-rift)
Convergent-margin Basins
Collision and post-collision basin
Transform and transcurrent-fault (strike-slip) basin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three types of basins in a Collision and post-collision basin?
And what type tectonic plate boundary exists there?

A 
Remnant Basins(paleo-trenches)
--oceanic / convergence
Intramontane Basins(thrust-fold belts)
--continental / divergence
Foreland systems (pro/retro)
--Continental / flexural
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the type of basin in a Transform - and transcurrent fault (strike-dip basin)

A

Pull-apart basins

– continental/oceanic / transtension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What characteristics within a sedimentary basin are of economic importance?

A
  • Basin physiography
  • Sedimentary supply
  • depositional environments
  • architecture of depositional system
  • subsidence rate
  • burial depth and burial history
  • geothermal gradient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

large-scale basins form over long periods of time because of what?

A

Cooling and heating of the lithosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe a heated lithosphere

A

expands and becomes less dense because of underlying mantle. Results in uplift which is followed by an erosion event.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe a cool lithosphere

A

it subsides and forms a depression which fills with sediment. Additional loading of sediments causes additional subsidence (over millions of years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe a cool lithosphere

A

it subsides and forms a depression which fills with sediment. Additional loading of sediments causes additional subsidence (over millions of years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How do Divergent boundary (tensional) basins form?

A

Form in an early stage of Continental rift basins
Examples: east african rift and baikal rift
form in later stage of the marine passive margin basins
example: gulf of mexico and north sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are Four ways convergent boundary basins (compressional) are formed

A

In foreland basins. EX: WCSB
in forearc and backarc basins. EX:japan basin
Form due to crustal loading. ex:michigan basin
form due to vertical crustal movements. EX: Cali strike-slip basin

27
Q

what are Four ways convergent boundary basins (compressional) are formed

A

In foreland basins. EX: WCSB
in forearc and backarc basins. EX:japan basin
Form due to crustal loading. ex:michigan basin
Form due to vertical crustal movements. EX: Cali strike-slip basin

28
Q

what is regional crustal subsidence?

A

subsidence due to local sediment loading (delivered by major river systems) on the crust which creates a slight deformation and opens accommodation space for further sediment loading.
ex: gulf of mexico and Mississippi River

29
Q

what are some rift basin characterisitics

A
  • good examples of divergent boundary basins
  • bounded by normal faults
  • length up to several thousand km
  • almost always in divergent plate boundaries
30
Q

Drift basins evolve into?

A

Passive margins

31
Q

Continental rifting may lead to what?

A

an opening of an ocean with a mid-ocean ridge

32
Q

what kind of deposits does a rift-fill commonly comprise of?

A

fluvial , lacustrine, alluvial fans

33
Q

When do evaporties form in a rift valley/basin

A

when they are located in a hot and dry area
when they are invaded by the sea
when they are in a closed-drainage basin

34
Q

what can continued rifting lead to?

A

formation of oceanic crust by opening of ocean basin example = red sea

35
Q

When do evaporities form in a rift valley/basin

A

when they are located in a hot and dry area
when they are invaded by the sea
when they are in a closed-drainage basin

36
Q

what can continued rifting lead to?

A

formation of oceanic crust by opening of ocean basin example = red sea

37
Q

examples of retro-arc foreland basins

A

persian gulf; WCSB

38
Q

examples forearc basins

A

great valley sequence

39
Q

how do forearc basins form?

A

because of mechanical subsidence and are narrow / deep. sediment

40
Q

backarc basin are filled with what?

A

lithic rock fragments and some carbonate deposition

41
Q

intra-plate sag basins are formed due to what?

A

thermal uplift
isostatic rebound
subsidence
ex: paleozoic michigan basin

42
Q

Take home point for rift basins

A

some but not all rifts lead to the opening of ocean basins

43
Q

take home point for foreland basins

A

subsidence due to loading of thrust sheets

highest subsidence closest to thrust sheets

44
Q

take home point for intracratonic basins

A

away from plate boundaries and causes of subsidence are completely understood

45
Q

what are some of the petroleum-rich basins?

A 
north sea basin
nigeria (niger delta basin)
lybia (sirte basin)
china / mongolia (ordos basin)
oman (ghaba salt basin)
sudan (muglad basin)
wcsb
usa
russia
46
Q

Facts about the Niger delta basin

A

a passive margin basin
tertiary age and the sediment thickness reaches up to 10km
overpressure conditions exist due to the rapid rate of sedimentation

47
Q

Facts about the Sirte basin

A

Horst and graben structures

48
Q

Facts about the Ordos basin

A

Cratonic basin

49
Q

Facts about the Ghaba Salt Basin

A

part of a subsiding rift basin

50
Q

Facts about the Mugland Basin

A

The largest known rift basin in the Sudan

51
Q

Facts about the Russian Federation Basin

A

Has all types of basins

52
Q

Facts about the West Siberian Basin

A

Urengoyskoe, largest gas field @ 350 TCF of OGIP

53
Q

Facts about the West Siberian Basin

A

Urengoyskoe, largest gas field @ 350 TCF of OGIP

54
Q

What are the US supergiant oil fields?

A

East Texas oilfield

Prudhoe Bay, alaska oilfield

55
Q

what are the petroleum rich basins in Canada?

A

WCSB
Williston Basin
Jeanne d’Arc Basin

56
Q

what percentage of HC does the WCSB contain?

A

57%

57
Q

Williston Basin Facts

A

Intracratonic Sedimentary Basin

Home to the Mississippi Bakken formation

58
Q

Jeanne d’Arc (Rift) basin four major oil fields are what?

A

Hibernia, Terra Nova, White Rose, Hebron/Ben Nevis

59
Q

Hibernia has how much reserves ?

A

~1Billion bbls

60
Q

Terra Nova as how much reserves?

A

~370-470 million bbls

61
Q

White Rose has how much reserves?

A

200-250 million bbls

62
Q

Hebron/Ben Nevis has how much reserves?

A

~700million bbls

63
Q

Hebron/Ben Nevis has how much reserves?

A

~700million bbls

64
Q

Estimated production of Canadas crude oil equivalent

A

WCSB 94%

Eastern Canada 6%

Geology 4th Semester Final (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions