Module 13 Flashcards
The WCSB is s good example of what kind of boundary with what kind of well developed basin?
Convergent Boundary
with well developed retroarc basin
How are retroarc foreland basins formed?
due to mechanical subsidence of a plate and sediment loading on the overriding plate. The WCSB was formed VIA this process
Foreland Basins - what causes subsidence? And the rate of subsidence is greatest where?
Crustal loading of thrust sheets. Greatest adjacent to thrust loading
Foreland Basins - what causes subsidence? And the rate of subsidence is greatest where?
Crustal loading of thrust sheets. Greatest adjacent to thrust loading
what is the sequence of important events in geological history?
precambrian era
paleozoic era
mesozoic era
cenozoic era
mnemonic help for the geological time scale;
Come over some day, maybe play poker. Three jacks can take queens.
(Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian,
Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous
Mnemonic Help for the Geologic Time Scale;
Persistent Early Oiling Might Prevent Painful Rheumatism.
Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Recent
Waterton: time
Precambrian
The longest unit of time on
the Geologic Time Scale is…
Precambrian, 4 billion
Precambrian Eon is divided
into two sub-Eons, what are they?
Archean & Proterozoic
What Happened During Eoarchean?
Eoarchean: earliest part of Archean (4.6 bya – 3.6 bya)
Earth was a hot, rapidly rotating, barren, and waterless
planet bombarded constantly by meteorites and comets.
Volcanism was widespread.
Continental Accretion is…
Building of the continents
Continental Foundations are…
Shields, Platforms, and Cratons
Precambrian Supercontinent is called
Rodinia, assembled 1.3 to 1.0 bya
Wilson cycles explains….
Opening and closing of an ocean basin Development of a passive continental margin Deposition of siliclastic and carbonate sediments
Describe the geologic evolution of Alberta
Phase 1. Deposition via exposed Precambrian Shield
Phase 2.- Tectonic uplift, loading & deposition
- deposition from sediments of Rocky Mountains & the shield
- Compression from the west caused the above deposition
Present structural domains in the Canadian Cordilliera to Plains
Main Ranges- Front Ranges- Foot hills- Plains
What rock types are present in the exposed Precambrian Sedimentary rocks in western United States and Canada
sst & Shale, some dolostone, and stromatolite bearing carbonates; which are indicative of fluvial and shallow marine environments
Proterozoic Rocks are comprised of…
Sandstone-carbonate-shale assemblages; which are deposited on passive continental margins and in intracratonic basins
Pecambrian Purcell supergroup is found in….
SW Alberta
Why are HC occurrences rare in the precambrian rocks?
due to metamorphism & lack of permeability in most crystalline rocks
The upper precambrian surface is considered as the…?
Lower limit of HC drilling
The upper precambrian surface is considered as the…?
Lower limit of HC drilling
Most continents consist of two major components, what are they?
1) relatively stable craton (over which epeiric seas transgressed and regressed)
2) surrounded by mobile belts in which mountain building took place
What is a mobile belt?
elongated areas of mountain building primarily created during plate convergence.
What were the two major continents of the Paleozoic?
Laurentia (north) and Gondwana(south)
What were the two major continents of the Late Paleozoic
Laurasia (north) and Gondwana (south)
What happened during the Permian?
A supercontinent was formed , Pangaea
How many series of cratonic sequences was north america divided into?
six
What four cratonic sequences occurred in the paleozoic?
1)Sauk, 2)Tippecanoe, 3)Kaskaskia, 4)Absaroka
what sediments were deposited during the trangressive portions of the Sauk sequence? and when did it happen
Widespread sst, shale and reef deposits
Cambrian - early ordovician
What deposition took place during the Tippecanoe event? and when was it?
Extensive carbonate deposition
Mid. Ordovician - early devonian
What basal beds deposited during the Kaskaskia sequence and what time lines ?
(Mid. Devonian - late Mississippian)
Sst derived from the eroding Acadian Highlands
Evaporites (Williston Basin)
Carbonates (Alberta Reef)
when were black shales deposited over large areas of the craton?
late devonian and early mississippian
examples: Exshaw and Bakken
The Mississippian period was dominated by what deposition? and what time line did this occur in?
Cabonate . Late Kaskaskia
What were the deposits during the Absaroka sequence – pennsylvanian - early Jurassic??
Coal Measures and Cyclothems
What the is a cyclothem?
Alternating sediments of marine and non-marine deposition
What did Cratonic uplift in the Pennsylvanian create?
The ancestral Rockies in the US
What deposits were done during the early absaroka and the late absaroka
Early - evaporates
Late - large reefs and more evaporates
Example of late.- West Texas
What three orogenies occurred in the Appalachian belt during the Paleozoic?
1) Taconic
2) Acadian
3) Alleghenian
The Taconic orogeny was during what time line?
The Sauk time
The Taconic orogeny was what kind of boundary was it?
A divergent boundary
The final stage of the Taconic orogeny was marked by what?
A thick sand package which thins away from the taco mountains
The Acadian Orogeny occurred along what boundary?
A convergent oceanic.- continental boundary and marks a continent - continent collision
The Alleghenian orogeny had two large land masses collide during its time, what were they
Laurasia and Gondwana and this was the beginning of the formation of the supercontinent pangaea
The Alleghenian orogeny had two large land masses collide during its time, what were they
Laurasia and Gondwana and this was the beginning of the formation of the supercontinent pangaea
Cordillera mobile belt had what orogeny happen during its time?
The antler orogeny
What kind of deposit was formed during the subduction of antler orogeny?
A thick deep water deposit
Ouachita Mobile Belt is what of how many belts?
3 of 3
What mineral resources are contained in the Paleozoic age rocks>
Limestone Silica sand Evaporates Petroleum coal
What geological time periods contain no commercial hydrocarbons in Alberta ?
Precambrian eon and the following periods of the Paleozoic era: Cambrian , Ordovician and Silurian
What geological time periods contain good quality commercial hydrocarbon in Alberta ?
The Devonian , Mississippian and Permian which took place within the Paleozoic era
What geological time periods contain good quality commercial hydrocarbon in Alberta ?
The Devonian , Mississippian and Permian which took place within the Paleozoic era
The granite wash pool was formed in what period?
The Devonian
The granite wash pool was formed in what period?
The Devonian
When did John go to sama?
When he was 18
When was the keg river formation formed?
Devonian and its a reef
Details on the Devonian elk point group?
What % WCSB reserves are here?
What’s the total amount of reserves here?
Oil - 12% of WCSB
Gas - 4% of WCSB
Oil - 339x106
Gas - 142x109
The beaverhill lake group and the swan hill formation took place in what period and comprised of what lithology
Upper Devonian and they are Made of carbonate reef and contain oil and gas
The beaverhill lake group and the swan hill formation took place in what period and comprised of what lithology
Upper Devonian / woodbine Leduc group and they are Made of carbonate reef and contain oil and gas
The turner valley formation is associated with what Devonian group?
Mississippian rundle group
At the end of what era was the supercontinent pangea formed?
paleozoic
