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apologia physical science > module 13 > Flashcards

module 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main parts of an atom?

A

proton, neutron, and electron

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2
Q

an electron has what charge?

A

negative

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3
Q

a proton has what charge?

A

positive

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4
Q

a neutron has what charge?

A

none or nuetral

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5
Q

Since we know that opposite charges are attracted to each other, we can conclude that ______________ and ____________ are attracted to one another.

A

protons and electrons.

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6
Q

What is the nucleus of an atom?

A

the center of an atom, containing the protons and electrons.

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7
Q

what is between the nucleus and the electrons?

A

NOTHING! the atom is made up of mostly empty space.

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8
Q

What is atomic number?

A

the number of protons in an atom.

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9
Q

what is mass number?

A

the sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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10
Q

If an atom has too many or too few neutrons, it will be ____________.

A

radioactive.

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11
Q

What are two or more atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?

A

Isotopes

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12
Q

What is collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons?

A

an element

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13
Q

What is the organized grouping of all the elements known?

A

the Periodic Table of Elements

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14
Q

There are several orbits that the electron can occupy, these orbits are referred to as _____________.

A

Bohr orbits.

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15
Q

Another name given to Bohr orbits is ____________, because the energy of the electrons increases the larger the orbit is.

A

energy levels

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16
Q

Lastly, another name still for these orbits is _________ because each orbit of electrons is “shell” that covers up the nucleus.

A

electron shells.

17
Q

The 3 names for the orbits of electrons around a nucleus are what?

A

Bohr orbits, energy levels and electron shells.

18
Q

A short-range, attractive force which attracts protons and neutrons to one another is called ___________.

A

a strong nuclear force.

19
Q

In Yukawa’s theory, protons and neutrons can exchange tiny particles with one another, called___________.

A

pions

20
Q

The process that governs electroweak force is __________.

A

radioactivity

21
Q

Radioactivity is a result of _____________, which is an atom with an unstable nucleus.

A

a radioactive isotope

22
Q

what is radioactive decay?

A

When an atom has a nucleus that is not stable, the nucleus must decay in order to become stable. This can take on several forms.

23
Q

What is beta decay?

A

the process by which a neutron turns into a proton by emission of an electron, changing one of its neutrons into a proton.

24
Q

The product or result of the beta decay gives us _______________.

A

the daughter product.

25
Q

The electron produced in the decay process is called _________________.

A

the beta particle.

26
Q

The radioactive isotope emits a ________________ so as to decay into the __________________.

A

beta particle; daughter product.

27
Q

What is alpha decay?

A

the process by which a radioactive isotope emits an alpha particle in order to become stable, turning the isotope into a completely different element.

28
Q

What is an alpha particle?

A

a nucleus that contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons- or the nucleus of a helium atom.

29
Q

What is gamma decay?

A

the process by which a radioactive isotope becomes stable by emitting a gamma ray- or high energy photon.. In this process the isotope does not change its identity at all.

30
Q

What is half-life?

A

The time it takes for half the original sample of a radioactive isotope to decay.

31
Q

What is radioactive dating?

A

The measurement of the rate of decay in radioactive isotopes as a means of dating objects whose age we don’t know.

apologia physical science (12 decks)

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