module 13 Flashcards
What are the three main parts of an atom?
proton, neutron, and electron
an electron has what charge?
negative
a proton has what charge?
positive
a neutron has what charge?
none or nuetral
Since we know that opposite charges are attracted to each other, we can conclude that ______________ and ____________ are attracted to one another.
protons and electrons.
What is the nucleus of an atom?
the center of an atom, containing the protons and electrons.
what is between the nucleus and the electrons?
NOTHING! the atom is made up of mostly empty space.
What is atomic number?
the number of protons in an atom.
what is mass number?
the sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom.
If an atom has too many or too few neutrons, it will be ____________.
radioactive.
What are two or more atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?
Isotopes
What is collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons?
an element
What is the organized grouping of all the elements known?
the Periodic Table of Elements
There are several orbits that the electron can occupy, these orbits are referred to as _____________.
Bohr orbits.
Another name given to Bohr orbits is ____________, because the energy of the electrons increases the larger the orbit is.
energy levels
Lastly, another name still for these orbits is _________ because each orbit of electrons is “shell” that covers up the nucleus.
electron shells.
The 3 names for the orbits of electrons around a nucleus are what?
Bohr orbits, energy levels and electron shells.
A short-range, attractive force which attracts protons and neutrons to one another is called ___________.
a strong nuclear force.
In Yukawa’s theory, protons and neutrons can exchange tiny particles with one another, called___________.
pions
The process that governs electroweak force is __________.
radioactivity
Radioactivity is a result of _____________, which is an atom with an unstable nucleus.
a radioactive isotope
what is radioactive decay?
When an atom has a nucleus that is not stable, the nucleus must decay in order to become stable. This can take on several forms.
What is beta decay?
the process by which a neutron turns into a proton by emission of an electron, changing one of its neutrons into a proton.
The product or result of the beta decay gives us _______________.
the daughter product.
The electron produced in the decay process is called _________________.
the beta particle.
The radioactive isotope emits a ________________ so as to decay into the __________________.
beta particle; daughter product.
What is alpha decay?
the process by which a radioactive isotope emits an alpha particle in order to become stable, turning the isotope into a completely different element.
What is an alpha particle?
a nucleus that contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons- or the nucleus of a helium atom.
What is gamma decay?
the process by which a radioactive isotope becomes stable by emitting a gamma ray- or high energy photon.. In this process the isotope does not change its identity at all.
What is half-life?
The time it takes for half the original sample of a radioactive isotope to decay.
What is radioactive dating?
The measurement of the rate of decay in radioactive isotopes as a means of dating objects whose age we don’t know.
