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PCP Pharm 💜💊 > Module 1.2 > Flashcards

Module 1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

What is the term for the study for science of drugs?

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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The study of the drug movement through the body (ADME)
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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3
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Study of the bio, chemical and physiological interactions of drugs and their sites of activity

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4
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics

A

The use of drugs and clinical indications for drugs to prevent entry disease

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5
Q

Pharamacognosy

A

The study of natural plants and animals drug sources

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6
Q

PK absorption 3 roots

A

Enteral ( G.I tract )
Percutanous ( topical ) (slowest)
Parentreal any route other than the top 2

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7
Q

4 types of enteral ?

A

Oral
Sublingual ( under tongue )
Buccal
Rectal

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8
Q

What 2 enteral routes doesn’t go to the small intestine

A

Sublingual
Buccal

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9
Q

Where to Oral pills get absorbed

A

Liver

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10
Q

Enteral drugs, get absorbed to where and how ?

A

Drugs Get Absorbed Systemic circulation ( blood stream )
Through the oral and gastric mucosa the small intestine or rectum

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11
Q

Topical route ( percutanous ) how it works and examples?

A

Drug is applied locally to the skin or membrane lining
Slower absorption rate for more prolonged
Examples are patches, nebs gels drops

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12
Q

Parental route

A

Intervenous
Intramuscular ( muscle )
Subcutaneous ( in fat )
Intradermal ( under skin)
Intrathcal ( spine )
Intraarticular (joints )

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13
Q

Fastest parental route ?

A

Iv

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14
Q

Factors that affect absorption rate

A

Route administered ex oral vs iv
Food, drug interactions, ex grapefruit
G.I. mobility
Empty stomach
Bioavailability
Diabetes
PH
Drug Lipid solubility

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15
Q

Bioavailability

A

The extent and rate at which the active in a drug becomes completely available to its attended biological destinations

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16
Q

The drugs, lipids, solvability if the drug is lipid/fat soluble they can (blank ) the membrane (blank)

A

Cross
Easily

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17
Q

First pass effect

A

The metabolism of a truck, and it’s passage from the liver before entering the circulation
Extensively metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation

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18
Q

First pass route to include

A

Hectic artery
Oral
Portal vein
Rectal

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19
Q

Non first pass routes include ?

A

Aural , Buccal, inhalation, intramuscular,intranasal, intro ulnar,intravaginal ,iv , subcutaneous,sublinagaj and transdermal

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20
Q

PK distribution

A

Is the transport of a drug through the bloodstream to a sight of action

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21
Q

Areas of low distribution

A

Muscle skin and fat

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22
Q

Areas of high distribution

A

Heart, liver, kidneys, and brains

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23
Q

Drug protein complex/protein binding

A

Only drug molecules that are not found in plasma usually album can freely dispute to extravascular tissue outside the blood vessel to reach their site of action
If a drug binds to Albion, only a limited amount of the drug is not bound

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24
Q

Metabolism

A

Is the biological transformation of a drug into more or less active form

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25
Q

Do metabolize drugs tend to become more or less water soluble

A

More

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26
Q

Sites of metabolism include

A

Liver main organ
Kidneys
Lungs
Plasma
Intestinal mucosa
Exocrine glands

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27
Q

Excretion

A

Elimination of drugs from the body

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28
Q

Sites of excretion

A

Kidney main organ
Liver
Bowel
Lungs
Exocrine glands that secrete things like breastmilk ,sweat and. saliva

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29
Q

Drugs are excreted through the blank via the blank and blank

A

Kidneys
Via the glomerular filtration
And active tubular secretion

30
Q

What does a drug do when the body pH is too high?

A

Faster more acidic pH will equal in a faster excretion

31
Q

Onset

A

The point which is the drug… A therapeutical response
The time it takes

32
Q

Peak

A

Time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum effect

33
Q

Duration

A

How long the drug can produce a therapeutic response without needing more medication?

34
Q

Peak level

A

Highest blood level

35
Q

Trough level

A

Lowest blood level

36
Q

Half life

A

Measures of rain, in which drugs are removed from the body
At 50% elimination of the drug

37
Q

How many half-lives does it take to eliminate 97% of the drug

A

5 1/2

38
Q

Kidney and liver damage equals a longer or shorter half life ?

A

Shorter

39
Q

Local effect

A

Effect of a drug is realized only locally ( topical ) and is limited to one area
Creams

40
Q

Systemic Effect

A

It’s a reaction through the whole body medication, spine to the cell receptors

41
Q

Drug receptor interaction

A

The joining of a drug molecule with a relative site on a on a surface of a cell or tissue once a drug binds to interacts with the receptor a physiological response is produced

42
Q

Enzyme interaction

A

Enzymes are substances, the catalyze nearly every bio chemical reaction in the cell for a drug to alter its physiological response, either inhibits, or enhances, the action of a specific enzyme

43
Q

Agonist

A

It will Mimic an action

44
Q

Antagonist

A

Inhibits the response
Narcan

45
Q

Antagonist effect

A

Combine up to drugs, that results in a less effective drug

46
Q

Synergistic effect

A

When drug enhances the action of another

47
Q

Additive effect

A

Combination affects of the drugs, combined in such a way that the two drugs produces similar action administered at the same time

48
Q

Adverse effects

A

Negative responses can be fatal

49
Q

Side effects

A

Unintended, but predictable

50
Q

Carcinogenic effects

A

Cancer-causing effects

51
Q

Idiosyncratic effects

A

We don’t know why It acts the way it does

52
Q

Acute toxicity

A

Rapid onset, doodle, short-term exposure

53
Q

Chronic toxicity

A

Long-term exposure, resulting in effects

54
Q

Therapeutic index

A

Difference between a therapeutic level and toxic level

55
Q

Antidote

A

Decreases the effects of toxicity
Example charcoal

56
Q

Allergic reaction

A

Unintended unpredictable reaction to a medication
Release of antibodies
Allergic reactions develop into anaphylactic reactions

57
Q

Anaphylactic reactions

A

Severe life-threatening allergic reactions
Set an onset of airway construction

58
Q

Tolerance

A

Decreasing response to repeat a drug doses

59
Q

Dependence

A

Physiological or psychological need for a drug

60
Q

Physical dependence

A

Physical logical need for a drug to avoid physical withdrawal symptoms

61
Q

Psychological dependence

A

Addiction
Obsessive desire for a drug

62
Q

Drugs during pregnancy pose a risk to the fetus because

A

Can cross the placenta barrier

63
Q

Teratogen

A

Agent that causes Fetal malformations

64
Q

Pregnancy drug categories ( abcdx)

A

A Is no risk
B animal studies show risk, but humans findings do not
C risks cannot be ruled out (lack of testing)
D there is a positive evidence to foetus risk, but the benefits outweigh the risk can be used in life-threatening situations
X fetal risks that clearly always any possible benefits

65
Q

Drugs and Pediatrics

A

Immature organs leading to alter pharmacokinetics
Such as
Image of the blood brain
Liver and kidneys are immature
Low body weight increase in water, soluble drugs
Stomach lacks acid to kill bacteria

66
Q

Drugs in older adults

A

Age causes the determination of organ systems
Require lower dosages and reduce frequency, due to slow absorption

67
Q

Polypharmacy

A

Taking multiple drugs at once, resulting in increased risk for drug interactions and side effects

68
Q

Intradermal

A

Under the skin

69
Q

Intradermal

A

Under the skin

70
Q

Intrathcal

A

Spine

71
Q

Intraarticular

A

Joints

PCP Pharm 💜💊 (6 decks)

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