Module 1.2

Question 1

the aqueous environment

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

emphasized that for life to exist at all , the environment must first be suitable and that leads to water.

Answer 2

Henderson

Question 3

Water moderates air temperature __________ from air that is warmer and _____________ to air that is cooler

Answer 3

by absorbing heat

releasing the stored heat

Question 4

It relates to which heat must be ______ in order to break hydrogen bonds.

heat is _____ when hydrogen bonds formed.

Answer 4

absorbed;

released

Question 5

This property of water also helps warm the air when it is nighttime and tends to stabilize the ocean temperature, creating a favorable environment for marine life.

because of this property, the water that covers most of the Earth keeps temperature fluctuations on land and in water within limits that permit life

Answer 5

Moderation of Temperature by Water

Question 6

As a liquid evaporates, the surface of the liquid that remains behind cools down.

Answer 6

Evaporative Cooling of Water

Question 7

This _________ occurs because the “hottest” molecules, those with the greatest kinetic energy, are the most likely to leave as a gas

Answer 7

evaporative cooling of water

Question 8

contributes to the stability of temperature in lakes and ponds and also provides a mechanism that prevents terrestrial organisms from overheating.

Answer 8

evaporative cooling of water

Question 9

helps keep the tissue in the leaves from becoming too warm in the sunlight.

also helps human to prevent overheating on a hot day or when excess heat is generated by strenuous activity by evaporation of sweat from human skin dissipating body heat.

Answer 9

evaporation of water

Question 10

what property?

the ability of ice to float due to its ________ is an important factor in the sustainability of the environment since if ice sank, then eventually all bodies of water would freeze solid, making life to be impossible

Answer 10

evaporative cooling of water;

lower density

Question 11

Water acts as _______on a mixture of two or more substances which is called a _________.

Answer 11

solvent; solution

Question 12

The solvent is then involved in the dissolving of ions which contributes to processes happening in the body such as the formation of the __________,

a sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion.

Answer 12

hydration shell,

Question 13

two families of nitrogenous bases:

Answer 13

pyrimidine
purine

Question 14

members of pyrimidine (3)

Answer 14

cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 14

purines (2)

Answer 14

adenine guanine

Question 15

complementary base pairings

Answer 15

A-T (DNA) / A-U (RNA)
G-C

Question 16

In terms of sugar, in DNA, it is called _____and RNA has the sugar, ____.

Answer 16

deoxyribose
ribose

Question 17

Nearly every dynamic function of a living being depends on ________.

Answer 17

proteins

Question 18

Proteins account for more than ____of the dry mass of most cells, and they are instrumental in almost everything organisms do

Answer 18

50%

Question 19

Kinds of interactions in tertiary structure: (3)

Answer 19

hydrophobic
hydrogen and ionic bonds
disulfide bridges

Question 20

interaction caused by the exclusion of nonpolar substances by the water molecules

Answer 20

hydrophobic interaction

Question 21

_______ bonds are between polar side chains and ____ bonds are between positively and negatively charged side chains

Answer 21

Hydrogen bonds; ionic bonds

Question 22

These further reinforce the shape of a protein.

Answer 22

Disulfide bridges

Question 23

Disulfide bridges are formed when two _____monomers which have ____ groups on their side chains are brought closer together by the folding of protein.

Answer 23

cysteine;
sulfhydryl groups (-SH)

Question 24

is an alcohol; each of its three carbons bear a hydroxyl group

Answer 24

glycerol

Question 25

has a long carbon skeleton, having a carbon at one end which is a part of the carboxyl group.

Answer 25

fatty acid

Question 26

In making a fat or triacylglycerol, three fatty acid molecules are each joined to glycerol by an _____ linkage, a bond between a hydroxyl group and carboxyl group.

Answer 26

ester

Question 27

The major function of fats is ________. The hydrocarbon chains are similar to gasoline molecules and rich in energy. They also cushion such vital organs as the kidneys, and layer beneath the skin insulates the body.

Answer 27

energy storage

Question 28

Simple – sugar molecules not only function as a major ____ for cellular work, but their ________ also serve as raw material for the synthesis of small organic molecules such as amino acids.

Answer 28

fuel; carbon skeletons

Question 29

plants store ______;

animals store _____;

Answer 29

starch,

glycogen

Question 30

which is the major component of the tough walls that enclose plant cells, and is also the major constituent of paper and the only component of cotton.

Answer 30

cellulose

Question 31

is used by arthropods for their exoskeleton (hard case protecting the soft parts of the body)

Answer 31

chitin