MODULE 1 (PPT) Flashcards
is the smallest unit of living things.
cell
The basic building blocks of all organisms
cell
The Cell Theory (3)
The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living things.
All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
Cells are from other cells through cellular division.
The cell theory expanded version (3)
Cells carry genetic material passed to daughter cells during cellular division.
All cells are essentially the same in chemical composition.
Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells.
Different Cell Types (2)
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
organisms belonging to the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
Prokaryotes
includes protists, fungi, animals, plants
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic cells – do not possess a true _________, i.e., their DNA is not confined within the nuclear _____________.
nucleus,
membrane
➢No sub-cellular organelles like mitochondria, Golgi bodies, or endoplasmic reticulum
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells are made of functional subcellular
compartments – a true _________ and various membrane-bound _________.
nucleus,
organelles
The genetic material within the nucleus is complex. The DNA is associated with histone proteins and thus, called _______.
chromosomes
Eukaryotic cells vary depending on the nature of eukaryotic organisms. E.g. cells in a leaf contain _______
chloroplast
What do all cells share in common? (4)
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- DNA (and RNA)
Houses water and minerals, proteins, and organelles
Cytoplasm
Common features of all cells (5)
- Universal Genetic Code
- The same 20 amino acids
- Universally conserved genes
- Making proteins
- Chemiosmosis
- Metabolic pathways
All cells make most of their ATP using the same process (______) using: _______ (3)
Chemiosmosis,
Membranes
Proton gradients/ proton motive force
ATP synthase
is the biological medium here on Earth and is the most abundant substance in living systems
water
water make up ____% or more of the weight of most organisms.
70%
is the only common substance to exist in the natural environment in all three physical states of matter.
Acknowledging that life adapts to its environment through natural selection, ______ emphasized that for life to exist at all , the environment must first be suitable and that leads to water.
water;
Henderson
Water has four emergent properties such as
- Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules
- Moderation of temperature
- Evaporative cooling of water
- Water as the solvent of life
biomolecules (4)
- lipids
- nucleic acid
- carbohydrates
- proteins
Nucleic acids are macromolecules that exist as polymers called __________ (consisting of monomers called ________)
polynucleotides
nucleotides
A nucleotide is composed of three parts:
a nitrogenous
base, a five-carbon sugar, and
one or more phosphate groups.
The portion of the nucleotide without any phosphate groups is called a _________
nucleoside