Module 11: Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
emotions
short lived feelings we have towards an object or situational event - these feelings often correspond to specific facial expressions adaptive responses to aid survival
motivation
the reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way
moods
longer lasting less intense states not affected by a specific object or event
james-lange thoery of emotions
Perceive stimulus, express the emotion the stimulus evokes, identify their emotions (emotions stem from interpretation of the body)
Cannon-Bard thalamic theory of emotions
perceive stimulus, simultaneously express emotion and identify emotion
action unit
Each emotion has a specific facial expression that we can detect involving movement of eyebrows nose mouth cheeks and eyes
how many culturally common facial expressions are there
4
emotional contagion
when once person observes and then experiences the same emotion as another person
conditioned emotional response procedure
Process of linking an emotional response, through classical conditioning, to a neutral stimulus
Frustrative events
Situations in which rewards are not as quickly available as they once were or omitted entirely leading to frustration
universal emotions
happy, anxious, surprise, disgust
destress vocalizations
sounds produced in presence of painful stressful or threatening stimuli
Oro sensory stimuli
Flavor and texture sensations in the mouth
occasion setters
An internal or external stimulus that signals the relationship between a response and an outcome
satiated
Physiological cues that let a person know that they feel full and are no longer hungry
interoceptive stimuli
type of stimuli that come from within our bodies to indicate a change from one state to another
stimulus substitution
A type of conditioning in which an animal responds to the conditional stimulus as if it were interchangeable with the unconditional stimulus
energy budget
An animal needs to consume a specific amount of calories in a day to survive
Exteroceptive stimuli
A type of stimulus that come from outside our bodies our indicate a change from one to state to another other can also perceive this stimulus not strictly internal
signal substitution
A type of conditioning in which an animal responds to an artificial conditional stimulus as if it were interchangeable with an unconditional stimulus
good genes hypothesis
Females tend to choose mates seen to have genetic advantages thereby increasing offspring quality
hermaphrodites
an adjective describing an animal that can be either male contributing sperm or female contributing eggs
pheromones
Chemical signal to indicate the reproductive status of a potential partner
coolidge effect
An animal has multiple mate pairing with the same partner loses intrest in that partner and experiences renewed sexual intrest in a new partner
Habituation
A type of learning in which an animal is exposed to the same repeated stimulus and eventfully stops responding to the uninformative stimulus
dishabituation
changing the scenery but not partner female - results in copulation and return of ejaculation
mate poaching
Results when a person expresses sexual interest in and courts unavailable Romantic partner to get that person to leave their relationship
Drive reduction theory
need is determined by a combination of learning and a person physiology and need will intensity will be reflected in the intensity of responding
Yerkes and Dodson
found that arousal was interchangeable with whatever happens due to stimulus intensity in other words performance increases with mental arousal or stress up to a certian point
Darwin’s three principles
variation, heredity, and selection. These principles explain how species change over time through the occurrence of diverse traits, their inheritance, and the natural selection of advantageous traits for survival and reproductive success
two-factor theory
2 ingredients to emotion, arousal and cognitive appraisal
Premack principle
highly desirable, more probable behaviors can be used to reinforce less desirable
response deprivation hypothesis
restricting one behavior will cause a deprivation of that behavior, which can be used to create a scenario where the possibility of being allowed the deprived behavior can potentially reinforce another behavior.
2 types of motivating operations
establishing operations and abolishing operations
establishing operations
Increase the effectiveness of reinforcers an evoke behavior related to them
abolishing operations
Decrease the effectiveness of reinforcers and decrease behavior related to obtaining them
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory
a theory of motivation which states that five categories of human needs dictate an individual’s behavior
order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
physiological > safety > love/belonging > self esteem > self actualization
intrinsic motivation
ambitions stemmed from our own standards
Extrinsic motivation
ambitions/motivations imposed upon us
satisfying biological needs
