Module 11: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

emotions

Answer 1

short lived feelings we have towards an object or situational event - these feelings often correspond to specific facial expressions adaptive responses to aid survival

Question 2

motivation

Answer 2

the reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way

Question 3

moods

Answer 3

longer lasting less intense states not affected by a specific object or event

Question 4

james-lange thoery of emotions

Answer 4

Perceive stimulus, express the emotion the stimulus evokes, identify their emotions (emotions stem from interpretation of the body)

Question 5

Cannon-Bard thalamic theory of emotions

Answer 5

perceive stimulus, simultaneously express emotion and identify emotion

Question 6

action unit

Answer 6

Each emotion has a specific facial expression that we can detect involving movement of eyebrows nose mouth cheeks and eyes

Question 7

how many culturally common facial expressions are there

Answer 7

4

Question 8

emotional contagion

Answer 8

when once person observes and then experiences the same emotion as another person

Question 9

conditioned emotional response procedure

Answer 9

Process of linking an emotional response, through classical conditioning, to a neutral stimulus

Question 10

Frustrative events

Answer 10

Situations in which rewards are not as quickly available as they once were or omitted entirely leading to frustration

Question 11

universal emotions

Answer 11

happy, anxious, surprise, disgust

Question 12

destress vocalizations

Answer 12

sounds produced in presence of painful stressful or threatening stimuli

Question 13

Oro sensory stimuli

Answer 13

Flavor and texture sensations in the mouth

Question 14

occasion setters

Answer 14

An internal or external stimulus that signals the relationship between a response and an outcome

Question 15

satiated

Answer 15

Physiological cues that let a person know that they feel full and are no longer hungry

Question 16

interoceptive stimuli

Answer 16

type of stimuli that come from within our bodies to indicate a change from one state to another

Question 17

stimulus substitution

Answer 17

A type of conditioning in which an animal responds to the conditional stimulus as if it were interchangeable with the unconditional stimulus

Question 18

energy budget

Answer 18

An animal needs to consume a specific amount of calories in a day to survive

Question 19

Exteroceptive stimuli

Answer 19

A type of stimulus that come from outside our bodies our indicate a change from one to state to another other can also perceive this stimulus not strictly internal

Question 20

signal substitution

Answer 20

A type of conditioning in which an animal responds to an artificial conditional stimulus as if it were interchangeable with an unconditional stimulus

Question 21

good genes hypothesis

Answer 21

Females tend to choose mates seen to have genetic advantages thereby increasing offspring quality

Question 22

hermaphrodites

Answer 22

an adjective describing an animal that can be either male contributing sperm or female contributing eggs

Question 23

pheromones

Answer 23

Chemical signal to indicate the reproductive status of a potential partner

Question 24

coolidge effect

Answer 24

An animal has multiple mate pairing with the same partner loses intrest in that partner and experiences renewed sexual intrest in a new partner

Question 25

Habituation

Answer 25

A type of learning in which an animal is exposed to the same repeated stimulus and eventfully stops responding to the uninformative stimulus

Question 26

dishabituation

Answer 26

changing the scenery but not partner female - results in copulation and return of ejaculation

Question 27

mate poaching

Answer 27

Results when a person expresses sexual interest in and courts unavailable Romantic partner to get that person to leave their relationship

Question 28

Drive reduction theory

Answer 28

need is determined by a combination of learning and a person physiology and need will intensity will be reflected in the intensity of responding

Question 29

Yerkes and Dodson

Answer 29

found that arousal was interchangeable with whatever happens due to stimulus intensity in other words performance increases with mental arousal or stress up to a certian point

Question 30

Darwin’s three principles

Answer 30

variation, heredity, and selection. These principles explain how species change over time through the occurrence of diverse traits, their inheritance, and the natural selection of advantageous traits for survival and reproductive success

Question 31

two-factor theory

Answer 31

2 ingredients to emotion, arousal and cognitive appraisal

Question 32

Premack principle

Answer 32

highly desirable, more probable behaviors can be used to reinforce less desirable

Question 33

response deprivation hypothesis

Answer 33

restricting one behavior will cause a deprivation of that behavior, which can be used to create a scenario where the possibility of being allowed the deprived behavior can potentially reinforce another behavior.

Question 34

2 types of motivating operations

Answer 34

establishing operations and abolishing operations

Question 35

establishing operations

Answer 35

Increase the effectiveness of reinforcers an evoke behavior related to them

Question 36

abolishing operations

Answer 36

Decrease the effectiveness of reinforcers and decrease behavior related to obtaining them

Question 37

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory

Answer 37

a theory of motivation which states that five categories of human needs dictate an individual’s behavior

Question 38

order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 38

physiological > safety > love/belonging > self esteem > self actualization

Question 39

intrinsic motivation

Answer 39

ambitions stemmed from our own standards

Question 40

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 40

ambitions/motivations imposed upon us

Question 41

satisfying biological needs