Module 11

Question 1

1b

Define: Appendicular skeleton

Answer 1

1b

The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it.

Question 2

1c

define: Exoskeleton

Answer 2

1c

A body covering, typically of chitin, that provides support and protection.

Question 3

1d

Define: Symbiosis

Answer 3

1d

A close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits.

Question 4

2

What three things make up the human superstructure?

Answer 4

The skeleton, the muscles and the skin.

Question 5

3

What are the two main differences between smooth muscles and skeletal muscles?

Answer 5

Under the microscope, smooth muscles appear smooth and unstriped, while skeletal muscles appear rough and striped. Skeletal muscles are voluntary (they are operated by conscious thought), while smooth muscles are involuntary (they are operated unconsciously by the brain).

Question 6

4

Where is cardiac muscle found? Is it an invoulantary muscle or a voluntary one?

Answer 6

Cardiac muscle is in the heart and it is an involuntary muscle.

Question 7

5

What is produced in the red bone marrow?

Answer 7

blood cells

Question 8

6

What is keratinization? What is it used for?

Answer 8

A process that hardens living cells. It is used to make the outer layer of the epidermis, as well as hair and nails.

Question 9

7

What to principal substances make up bone? What qualities do they each provide to the bone?

Answer 9

Collagen- flexible

Minerals-strong

Question 10

8

What is the difference between compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue?

Answer 10

Compact bone tissue is packed together tightly while spongy bone tissue has lots of space in between its fibers.

Question 11

9

Are bones alive?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

10

What is the difference between an invertebrate and a vertebrate? Is it posset able for an organism to be neither?

Answer 12

Invertebrate-no back bone
Vertebrate- backbone
Neither is possible because if an organism is from any other kingdom other than Animalia, it is neither an invertebrate nor a vertebrate.

Question 13

11

Are your arms part of your appendicular skeleton or the axial skeleton? What about your neck?

Answer 13

Arms- appendicular

Neck- axial

Question 14

12

What is the difference between an exoskeleton and an endoskeleton? What do we call the creatures with exoskeletons?

Answer 14

Exoskeleton-outside the body
Endoskeleton-inside the body
We call animals anthropoids when they have an exoskeleton.

Question 15

13
Order the following terms of increasing range of motion, then order them in terms of increasing stability: ball-and-socket, hinge, saddle.

Answer 15

1
Hinge 
Saddle
Ball-and-socket
2
Ball-and-socket
Saddle
Hinge

Question 16

14

What purpose do ligaments serve in the joints? What about carilage?

Answer 16

Ligaments hold the bones of the joints together. Cartilage cushions the bones of the joints so that they do not rub painfully against each other.

Question 17

15

How do skeletal muscles attach to the skeleton?

Answer 17

Skeletal muscles end in tendons, and the tendons attach to the skeleton.

Question 18

16
Describe how the sternocleidomastoid and posterior triangle muscles on each side of the neck work together in order to tilt the head.

Answer 18

To tilt the head, the muscles on one side contract, while the muscles on the other side relax.

Question 19

17

Are the muscles in your stomach smooth muscles or skeletal muscles.

Answer 19

smooth muscles

Question 20

18
When it is budding, a sunflower will actually turn throughout the day so that it follows the sun across the sky. What is the term we use to describe this?

Answer 20

Phototropism

Question 21

19

What are the two main functions of hair?

Answer 21

Insulation and provide sensation.

Question 22

20

What are the two main functions of sweat?

Answer 22

Cools down the body, also helps feed the beneficial bacteria and fungi that live on your skin

Question 23

21

Why do your skin cells constantly fall off your body?

Answer 23

The cells on the outer layer are dead.

Question 24

22

What do the sebaceous glands produce, and what are the substance’s two main purposes?

Answer 24

1 oil

2 softens the skin and hair and also makes it hard for certain bacteria to attach themselves to your skin.

Question 25

23
For the following animals, classify each as mammal, bird, reptile, or amphibian:
a. an animal with hair
b. an animal that breathes through its skin
c. an animal with scales
d. an animal with feathers

Answer 25

a. mammal
b. an amphibian
c. reptile
d. bird

Question 26

1a

Define: Axial Skeleton

Answer 26

1a

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk