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KIN 424 - Medical Aspects of Sport > Module 10 - Overtraining/Travel with Athletes > Flashcards

Module 10 - Overtraining/Travel with Athletes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is overreaching in sport?

A
  • Accumulation of stress
  • short-term decrement in performance
  • With/without physiological/psychological maladaptation
  • Restoration may take several days to weeks
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2
Q

What is overtraining in sport?

A
  • Accumulation of stress
  • Long-term decrement in performance
  • with/without physiological/psychological maladaptation
  • Restoration may take several weeks to months
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3
Q

How often does overtraining occur?

A
  • 60-64% of elite runners at least once in their life
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4
Q

how many of the Australian Swimming team members had overtraining following training and national competition?

A
  • 21%
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5
Q

How many of the Indian basketball team had overtraining following a 6-week training period?

A
  • 33%
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6
Q

How many soccer players have overtraining syndrome following the competitive season?

A
  • 50%
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7
Q

Compare Overtraining and Overreaching

A
  • Two points on a spectrum
  • Overreaching: rapid recovery (2-3 weeks)
  • Overtraining: slow recovery (weeks to months)
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8
Q

How is Overtraining diagnosed?

A
  • Diagnosis of exclusion
  • Often Delayed
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9
Q

What are the symptoms of Overtraining Syndrome?

A

Subjective
- Psychological evaluation
- fatigue rating
- mood state
Perceived Exertion

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10
Q

What happens to the muscle fatigue rating from overtraining syndrome?

A
  • increase despite recovery time
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11
Q

What happens to the mood state from overtraining syndrome?

A
  • Decrease positive
  • Increased negative
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12
Q

What are the Signs of overtraining syndrome?

A
  • Heart rate increased during sub-max load
  • HRmax decreased
  • Time to exhaustion decreased
  • Power during max effort decreased
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13
Q

What are some cardiovascular factors from overtraining?

A
  • Increased or Decreased resting morning heart rate
  • Individual variation
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14
Q

What are some weight and nutrition signs for overtraining syndrome?

A
  • Increased or decreased more than normal
  • Individual variation
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15
Q

What are the investigations done when looking at overtraining syndrome?

A
  • No direct tests
  • Exclusionary tests
  • Profile of mood states (POMS)
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16
Q

What is the mood state profile for overtraining syndrome?

A
  • Increased negative moods
  • Decreased positive moods
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17
Q

When is performance testing useful for identifying overtraining syndrome?

A
  • If baseline data is available
  • If testing is reproducible
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18
Q

What type of performance test is useful for identifying overtraining syndrome? What test is not useful?

A

Useful
- Time-to-exhaustion: shows the greatest difference
Not Useful
- Submaximal tests: not helpful

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19
Q

What is useful for performance testing when attempting to identify overtraining syndrome?

A
  • Indexes of training sessions from coaches
20
Q

What do you look for when attempting to diagnose performance fatigue?

A
  • Unexplainable underperformance
  • persistent fatigue
  • increased sense of effort in training
  • Sleep disorders
21
Q

What are some confounding diseases that need to be excluded for a proper diagnosis of overtraining syndrome? (12)

A
  • Anaemia
  • Epstein Barr Virus
  • Other Infections Diseases
  • Muscle Damage
  • Lyme Disease
  • Endocrinological diseases (diabetes, thyroid, adrenal gland)
  • Injury (musculoskeletal system)
  • Cardiological symptoms
  • Adult-onset asthma
  • Allergies
  • Major Disorders of feeding behaviour
  • Biological abnormalities
22
Q

What training modifications should you look for if there is performance fatigue?

A

Increase
- Volume (>5%)
- Intensity (significantly)
- Number of Competitions
- Exposure to environmental stressors

23
Q

What non-physical confounding factors could contribute to performance fatigue?

A
  • Psychological Signs
  • Social Factors
  • Time zone travels
24
Q

What is the recommendation for preventing overtraining?

A
  • Sleep
  • Rest
  • Nutrition
  • Reduce non-training stress
25
Q

What are the Internal Risk factors for Overtraining?

A
  • General Health
  • General Nutrition
  • Mood State
  • Personality (Type A) stressors
  • Hereditary Physiologic Factors
26
Q

What are some external risk factors for overtraining?

A
  • Intensity of training
  • Volume of training
  • Social, economic and psychological stressors
  • Training history
  • Environmental conditions
  • time of year
  • food intake
  • sleep
  • Infections
  • Medications, alcohol, tobacco, substances
  • Travel
27
Q

Describe how an athlete can use a journal to prevent overtraining

A

Keep Track of:
- Training Details
- Comments on training
- Well-being rating
- Causes of stress
- Illness, injury, menstruation

28
Q

What is the proper treatment for overtraining?

A
  • Early Diagnosis
  • Rest
29
Q

What kind of rest is suggested for the treatment of overtraining?

A
  • light and short: unrelated activity
  • Monitoring
  • Typically 6-12 weeks
30
Q

What is important for the treatment of overtraining regarding athletes, coaches, and health care providers?

A

Collaboration is Key

31
Q

What does collaboration between athletes, coaches, and healthcare providers for treating overtraining look like?

A

Athlete
- Report Symptoms
- Self-monitor
Coach
- Monitoring
- Modifying Training
Physician
- Aid in Diagnosis
- Rule out other conditions
Dietician
- Manage nutrition

32
Q

What is Jet Lag?

A
  • physiologic adaptations due to change in a new time zone
33
Q

Why does Jet Lag happen?

A
  • Consequences of Circadian desynchronization
34
Q

How fast does jet lag resolve?

A
  • 1 day per time zone
35
Q

What does jet lag feature?

A
  • Gastrointestinal disturbance (heartburn, indigestion, diarrhea)
  • Sleep disturbance
  • Intermittent Fatigue
  • Impaired Concentration
36
Q

What is Travel Fatigue?

A
  • Accumulation of physiologic, psychologic, and environmental factors from travel
  • Reduces athlete’s capacity to recover and perform
37
Q

How do Jet lag and travel fatigue differ?

A

Jet Lag
- due to change in time zone
Travel Fatigue
- accumulation of travel factors over a season

38
Q

What are the features of Travel Fatigue?

A
  • Persistent Fatigue
  • Recurrent Illness
  • Changes in behaviour and mood
  • Loss of motivation
39
Q

What are the Symptoms of Jet Lag?

A
  • Tired during daytime
  • Sleepless at night
  • Waking during night
  • Low concentration/motivation
  • Decreased mental/physical performance
  • Headaches/Irritability
  • Loss of appetite
  • General bowel irregularities
40
Q

What is recommended for preventing jet lag prior to journey?

A
  • Plan journey in advance: evening flights traveling East
  • Layover advantageous > 10 time zones
  • Plan documentation, inoculations, visas
  • Adjust training towards destination time zone 7 days prior to departure
41
Q

What recommendations are there for preventing Jet lag during the flight?

A
  • Eat on the destination schedule
  • Eyeshades/earplugs/noise-cancelling devices
  • Bring Fibre
  • Hydrate
  • Avoid Tea, Coffee, and Alcohol
  • Sleep according to destination
42
Q

What aircraft qualities can affect passenger discomfort?

A
  • Cabin Pressure
  • Humidity
  • Engine Noise
43
Q

What aircraft should you take if its available?

A
  • 787
44
Q

What are the recommendations for preventing jet lag on reaching the destination?

A
  • Relax: non-alcohol drink
  • Take Shower
  • Brief naps
  • Schedule light therapy, light avoidance
  • Melatonin-under guidance of MD
  • 1-2d hypnotic medication under guidance of MD
45
Q

What are the recommendations for general sleep hygiene?

A
  • Quiet, dark, comfortable temperature
  • Avoid Caffeine, alcohol and nicotine
  • Light bedtime snack
  • Bedroom for sleep and intimate activity only
  • Electronic devices interfere with sleep
46
Q

What are the recommendations for napping?

A
  • 20-30min
  • Eyeshades/Ear-plugs
  • Caffeine (50-200mg) before or after

KIN 424 - Medical Aspects of Sport (11 decks)

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