Module 10 Flashcards
What is similar about both imperialism and colonialism?
Both are when a stronger power exercises control over another territory or people
What is colonialism?
People from a mother country move to the new territory, settling there, and import its culture there.
What is imperialism?
Is more varied and complex and is when there are fewer settlers from the mother country. Feels more one-sided with the mother country taking advantage of the other place and giving little in return.
What is some historical context of the imperialization of Africa?
Concert of Europe was breaking down, France was dishonored by their loss of France-Prussian War, England was concerned about Germany’s unification and Germans saw imperialism as a way to flex their muscles, the European society celebrated imperialism, the protestant revival of religion had “good intentions” to civilize the world.
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference (1884-1885)?
“Divided up” Africa, was used to lessen tension among European powers, to maximize access to raw materials for Industrial Revolution, to secure markets for new manufactured goods, to spread European “civilization”.
What were the “ground rules” set at the Berlin Conference?
- Europeans could only annex African territory at written request of a local leader.
- Colonial power must demonstrate effective occupation of land.
- In the event of a European war, all colonies would remain neutral.
Who ruled the Congo Free State?
King Leopold II
What was extracted at Congo Free State?
Ivory, rubber, and minerals
How were people in the Congo Free State treated?
Brutal, slave-like conditions, pitted tribes against each other, genocide (10 million).
What was the resolution of the Congo Free State?
Atrocities exposed by American and British journalists.
How did Ethiopia gain its independence?
Emperor Menelik II beat the Italian army at the Battle of Adwa, 1896.
What happened to Ashanti (Ghana)?
During the 5 Anglo-Ashanti wars, British stepped in as protectors of the Fante people after they accused Ashanti of raiding Fante lands. British prevailed because they had superior weapons and “divided and conquered” by using the Ashanti’s enemies against them.
What happened to Rodesia (Zimbabwe)?
King Lobegula and British businessman named Cecil Rhodes made a deal granting limited diamond mining rights in Zimbabwe. British company broke their promise and moved into mine diamonds. Rhodes’s private army took over because they had better weapons and used the rivial group Mashhona to keep the Matabele in line.
What happened to the German West Africa (Namibia)?
Hendrik Witbooi sided with the Germans and their colony since he had a preference for them over his rivals. However, he switched sides and made peace with Herrero after he grew alarmed at the German treatment of Africans. War continued until 1908 and Germans drove Africans towards desert, poisoned their wells, and created Concentration Camps.
What happened to the Zulu Empire (South Africa)?
Cape Colony was settled by the Dutch (Boers). In 1860-1870s there was a fight between the British and the Dutch over land and diamonds. Zulus were caught in the Boer war and ended up needing work so they worked in British diamond mines. British took over and got majority of the wealth.
