Module 1 Unit 2: Liver Function Alterations

Question 1

Jaundice comes from the French word _____ which means yellow

Answer 1

jaune

Question 2

Yellow discoloration of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes

Answer 2

Jaundice/Icterus

Question 3

Common cause of jaundice

Answer 3

Retention of bilirubin

Question 4

In adults, jaundice is noticeable if bilirubin levels reach

Answer 4

2-3 mg/dl

Question 5

In neonates, jaundice is noticeable if bilirubin levels reach

Answer 5

5 mg/dl

Question 6

Type of jaundice that occurs prior to liver metabolism

Answer 6

Pre-hepatic jaundice

Question 7

Another term for pre-hepatic jaundice

Answer 7

Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia

Question 8

TRUE or FALSE: Hepatic jaundice may result from ineffective erythropoiesis from the bone marrow resulting in premature death.

Answer 8

False; Pre-hepatic jaundice

Question 9

Type of jaundice that results from an intrinsic liver disease

Answer 9

Hepatic jaundice

Question 10

An inherited, autosomal recessive mild form of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia where serum concentration of bilirubin ranges from 1.5-3 mg/dl

Answer 10

Gilbert Syndrome

Question 11

Bilirubin is absent in urine and anemia does not occur

Answer 11

Gilbert Syndrome

Question 12

This decreases bilirubin levels (bilirubin is measured in the FASTING STATE)

Answer 12

Phenobarbital

Question 13

Patients with Gilbert Syndrome may be predisposed to

Answer 13

Acetaminophen toxicity

Question 14

An inherited, autosomal recessive disorder caused by the complete absence of UDGPT

Answer 14

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 1

Question 15

In this disorder, serum bilirubin concentrations above 20 mg/dl are observed.
Most patients also die of severe brain damage due to kernicterus within the 1st year of life.

Answer 15

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 1

Question 16

An inherited, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by partial deficiency of UDPGT

Answer 16

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 2

Question 17

In this disorder, serum bilirubin ranges between 5-20 mg/dl.

*Phenobarbital can correct this disorder.

Answer 17

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 2

Question 18

A familial form of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to the presence of a UDPGT inhibitor

Answer 18

Lucey-Driscoll Syndrome

Question 19

A rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by jaundice with predominantly elevated conjugated bilirubin and a minor elevation of unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 19

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

Question 20

The liver has a greenish-black appearance and dark brown pigment is seen in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells

Answer 20

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

Question 21

A form of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia similar to Dubin-Johnson but WITHOUT liver pigmentation

Answer 21

Rotor Syndrome

Question 22

A neurologic syndrome that results in brain damage owing to the deposition of bilirubin in the brain

Answer 22

Kernicterus

Question 23

Poses an increased risk for the development of kernicterus, especially in low-birthweight infants

Answer 23

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Question 24

Frequent occurrence of jaundice in babies within a few days after birth

Answer 24

Physiologic jaundice of the newborn

Question 25

Causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in neonates

Answer 25

1. Physiologic jaundice of the newborn
2. Hemolytic disease
3. Breastmilk hyperbilirubinemia

Question 26

• Bilirubin concentrations peak within 3-5 days of birth and remain elevated for less than 2 weeks
• Bilirubin conc. = < 5 mg/dl; 90% unconjugated

Answer 26

Physiologic jaundice of the newborn

Question 27

results from maternal-fetal incompatibility of Rhesus blood factors

Answer 27

Hemolytic disease

Question 28

Infant becomes jaundiced with unconjugated bilirubin in the 1st or 2nd day of life and is susceptible to kernicterus

Answer 28

Hemolytic disease

Question 29

Affects about 30% of breast-fed newborns due to alpha-glucuronidase in breast milk

Answer 29

Breastmilk hyperbilirubinemia

Question 30

Hyperbilirubinemia where conjugated bilirubin exceeds 1.5 mg/dl

Answer 30

Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Question 31

Major acute liver diseases

Answer 31

1. Acute hepatitis

2. Cholestasis

Question 32

Long-term complications of chronic hepatitis

Answer 32

1. Cirrhosis

2. Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 33

Hepatocyte injury leads to

Answer 33

Hepatocellular disease

Question 34

Biliary cell injury leads to

Answer 34

Cholestasis