M7 U1: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY Flashcards
A series of glands that produce and secrete
several hormones
Endocrine system
A group of
“ductless glands” that secrete
hormones directly into the blood
Endocrine glands
Major endocrine glands in humans
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland
- Pineal gland
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid gland
- Adrenal gland
- Islet of Langerhans (pancreas)
- Ovaries
- Testes
Hormone came from the Greek word _____ which means _________
“hormaein”
“to excite”
Chemical signals produced by specialized cells secreted into the
blood stream and carried to a target site of action
Hormones
An increase in
the product can cause an increase in the activity of the system and the hormone production rate
Positive Feedback Mechanisms
An increase in the product can cause a decrease in the activity of the system and the
hormone production rate
Negative Feedback Mechanisms
A biological process that is involved in the
regulation of the internal environment of
the body
Homeostasis
Primary stress hormone
Cortisol
Induces oxytocin receptors on uterus
Estrogen
Stimulates uterine contractions and prostaglandin production
Oxytocin
This interaction consists of two or more hormones that have complementary effect.
Synergistic
In this interaction, one hormone offsets another hormone. The effect of one hormone is against the action of another.
Antagonistic
This hormonal interaction occurs when one hormone enhances the responsiveness of a target tissue to another hormone.
Permissive
This interaction usually happens when the presence of one hormone increases the action of another hormone.
Potentiation reaction
This happens when the presence of one hormone stimulates the secretion of another.
Stimulatory reaction
In this interaction, the presence of one hormone inhibits the secretion of another.
Inhibitory reaction
This action occurs when the secretion of hormones in one location and release into blood circulation bind to specific receptor to elicit the physiological
response.
Endocrine
In this hormonal action, the secretion of hormones in endocrine cells and
release into interstitial space bind into specific receptor in adjacent cell and affect its
function.
Paracrine
This hormonal action happens when the hormones secreted in the endocrine
cells and sometimes release into interstitial space bind into specific receptor on cell of origin resulting to self-regulation of its function.
Autocrine
The hormone secreted in endocrine cells that remains in relation (attached) to the plasma membrane act on immediate adjacent cell by direct cell-to-cell contact.
Juxtacrine
In this action, the product which is secreted from the exocrine gland can reach the target
organ by travelling through a duct (tube).
Exocrine
This happens when the hormone secreted in neurons and released into
extracellular space binds to receptor in nearby cell and affects its function.
Neurocrine
The hormone secreted in neurons and released from nerve endings interacts with receptor of cells at distant site.
Neuroendocrine
