M7 U1: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY

Question 1

A series of glands that produce and secrete

several hormones

Answer 1

Endocrine system

Question 2

A group of
“ductless glands” that secrete
hormones directly into the blood

Answer 2

Endocrine glands

Question 3

Major endocrine glands in humans

Answer 3

1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary gland
3. Pineal gland
4. Thyroid gland
5. Parathyroid gland
6. Adrenal gland
7. Islet of Langerhans (pancreas)
8. Ovaries
9. Testes

Question 4

Hormone came from the Greek word _____ which means _________

Answer 4

“hormaein”

“to excite”

Question 5

Chemical signals produced by specialized cells secreted into the
blood stream and carried to a target site of action

Answer 5

Hormones

Question 6

An increase in

the product can cause an increase in the activity of the system and the hormone production rate

Answer 6

Positive Feedback Mechanisms

Question 7

An increase in the product can cause a decrease in the activity of the system and the
hormone production rate

Answer 7

Negative Feedback Mechanisms

Question 8

A biological process that is involved in the
regulation of the internal environment of
the body

Answer 8

Homeostasis

Question 9

Primary stress hormone

Answer 9

Cortisol

Question 10

Induces oxytocin receptors on uterus

Answer 10

Estrogen

Question 11

Stimulates uterine contractions and prostaglandin production

Answer 11

Oxytocin

Question 12

This interaction consists of two or more hormones that have complementary effect.

Answer 12

Synergistic

Question 13

In this interaction, one hormone offsets another hormone. The effect of one hormone is against the action of another.

Answer 13

Antagonistic

Question 14

This hormonal interaction occurs when one hormone enhances the responsiveness of a target tissue to another hormone.

Answer 14

Permissive

Question 15

This interaction usually happens when the presence of one hormone increases the action of another hormone.

Answer 15

Potentiation reaction

Question 16

This happens when the presence of one hormone stimulates the secretion of another.

Answer 16

Stimulatory reaction

Question 17

In this interaction, the presence of one hormone inhibits the secretion of another.

Answer 17

Inhibitory reaction

Question 18

This action occurs when the secretion of hormones in one location and release into blood circulation bind to specific receptor to elicit the physiological
response.

Answer 18

Endocrine

Question 19

In this hormonal action, the secretion of hormones in endocrine cells and
release into interstitial space bind into specific receptor in adjacent cell and affect its
function.

Answer 19

Paracrine

Question 20

This hormonal action happens when the hormones secreted in the endocrine
cells and sometimes release into interstitial space bind into specific receptor on cell of origin resulting to self-regulation of its function.

Answer 20

Autocrine

Question 21

The hormone secreted in endocrine cells that remains in relation (attached) to the plasma membrane act on immediate adjacent cell by direct cell-to-cell contact.

Answer 21

Juxtacrine

Question 22

In this action, the product which is secreted from the exocrine gland can reach the target
organ by travelling through a duct (tube).

Answer 22

Exocrine

Question 23

This happens when the hormone secreted in neurons and released into
extracellular space binds to receptor in nearby cell and affects its function.

Answer 23

Neurocrine

Question 24

The hormone secreted in neurons and released from nerve endings interacts with receptor of cells at distant site.

Answer 24

Neuroendocrine