Module 1 Traditional vs Contemporary Ethics

Question 1

What is Ethics also called

Answer 1

Moral Philosophy. The study of what is right or wrong. How we ought to live and act

Question 2

What are the three fields of ethics

Answer 2

Metaethics, Normative Ethics, Applied Ethics

Question 3

Metaethics

Answer 3

Meta-Ethics is the study of the meaning and logical structure of moral beliefs. You do not consider whether an action is right or whether a person’s character is good. This questions the assumptions about the meaning and logical relations that Normative takes for granted.

Question 4

Cognitivism

Answer 4

Cognitivism is the meta-ethical view that ethical sentences express propositions and can therefore be true or false (they are truth-apt), which noncognitivists deny.

Question 5

Non-Cognitivism

Answer 5

Cognitivism is the meta-ethical view that denys claims can be true or false

Question 6

Descriptive Ethics.

Answer 6

Descriptive ethics describes the actions people take that have ethical implications and how they explain these actions.

Question 7

Applied ethics

Answer 7

Applied ethics is the application of moralnorms to specific moral issues or cases. Examines the results derived applying a moral princilple or theory to specific circumstances.

Question 8

Consequentialist theory

Answer 8

Consequentialist theory include ethical egoism, rights and utiltarianism. Utilitarinism is a primary theroy within ethics literature.

Question 9

Non-consequentialist theory

Answer 9

Non-consequentialist theory includes Kant’s Duty based approach.

Question 10

Who is associated with Fairness and Justice?

Answer 10

John Rawls a twentieth century philosopher

Question 11

Three types of Justice

Answer 11

Three types of justice are Distrubutive, Retributive, and Comensatory

Question 12

metaphysics

Answer 12

The study of what there is.

Question 13

Normative ethics

Answer 13

Normative ethics is the study of principles, rules or theories that guide our actiona and judgements. Theare are the norms and standards for judging rightness and goodness.

Question 14

epistemology

Answer 14

How we know what there is.

Question 15

What is Philosophy

Answer 15

Dealing with those questions for which there is no clear agreement on where to look for answers.

Question 16

Philosophy vs Religion

Answer 16

Authority, including religion or divine inspiration, cannot be used to answer philosophical questions. Religion provides answers to the right way for a human to live, or what are the principal goals of human life, or whether individual humans have a continued existence after their physical death

Question 17

Induction

Answer 17

Induction means that we reason from specific examples to a general rule..

Question 18

Deduction

Answer 18

deduction. This approach starts with a general rule, applies that rule to a specific situation, and argues that the results in the specific situation will be such-and-such because this is an example of the general rule, and that rule will apply to this particular occurrence

Question 19

Logic

Answer 19

Logic, as mentioned above, is the branch of philosophy that deals with rules for analyzing and establishing truths, as well as for naming and classifying things

Question 20

Aesthetics

Answer 20

Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy that deals with beauty.

Question 21

Political philosophy

Answer 21

Political philosophy considers the nature of government and the relations of the individual and the state.

Question 22

Ethics Philosophy

Answer 22

Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with how humans should act in relations with one another. The study of interpersonal or social values, and the rules of conduct that derive from these values

Question 23

Utilitarianism

Answer 23

A moral act is the act which provides the greatest good or happiness for the greatest number of people.

Question 24

Rights and duties

Answer 24

A moral act is the act which recognizes the rights of others.

Question 25

Fairness and Justice

Answer 25

A moral act is the act which treats similarly situated people in similar ways with regard to both process and outcome, and maintains a sense of proportion in results.

Question 26

Virtue Ethics

Answer 26

A moral act is the one which a virtuous person would perform in a given circumstance. Based upon the writings of Aristotle. Difficuilt to apply to ethics situations. Thoughtful view of society.

Question 27

Descriptive Ethics.

Answer 27

What people say and do

Question 28

Normative ethics

Answer 28

prescribes what people should do

Question 29

Sociopaths

Answer 29

individuals who appear to be without concern for the impact of their actions on other humans

Question 30

Cost-benefit analysis

Answer 30

a utilitarian approach to evaluating proposed expenditures in business or in government.

Question 31

Two criticisms of utilitarianism

Answer 31

The first is that it is simply impractical. For most decisions that a manager makes, there is not time to do any sort of serious analysis of the possible impacts.