Module 1 Traditional vs Contemporary Ethics Flashcards
What is Ethics also called
Moral Philosophy. The study of what is right or wrong. How we ought to live and act
What are the three fields of ethics
Metaethics, Normative Ethics, Applied Ethics
Metaethics
Meta-Ethics is the study of the meaning and logical structure of moral beliefs. You do not consider whether an action is right or whether a person’s character is good. This questions the assumptions about the meaning and logical relations that Normative takes for granted.
Cognitivism
Cognitivism is the meta-ethical view that ethical sentences express propositions and can therefore be true or false (they are truth-apt), which noncognitivists deny.
Non-Cognitivism
Cognitivism is the meta-ethical view that denys claims can be true or false
Descriptive Ethics.
Descriptive ethics describes the actions people take that have ethical implications and how they explain these actions.
Applied ethics
Applied ethics is the application of moralnorms to specific moral issues or cases. Examines the results derived applying a moral princilple or theory to specific circumstances.
Consequentialist theory
Consequentialist theory include ethical egoism, rights and utiltarianism. Utilitarinism is a primary theroy within ethics literature.
Non-consequentialist theory
Non-consequentialist theory includes Kant’s Duty based approach.
Who is associated with Fairness and Justice?
John Rawls a twentieth century philosopher
Three types of Justice
Three types of justice are Distrubutive, Retributive, and Comensatory
metaphysics
The study of what there is.
Normative ethics
Normative ethics is the study of principles, rules or theories that guide our actiona and judgements. Theare are the norms and standards for judging rightness and goodness.
epistemology
How we know what there is.
What is Philosophy
Dealing with those questions for which there is no clear agreement on where to look for answers.
Philosophy vs Religion
Authority, including religion or divine inspiration, cannot be used to answer philosophical questions. Religion provides answers to the right way for a human to live, or what are the principal goals of human life, or whether individual humans have a continued existence after their physical death
Induction
Induction means that we reason from specific examples to a general rule..
Deduction
deduction. This approach starts with a general rule, applies that rule to a specific situation, and argues that the results in the specific situation will be such-and-such because this is an example of the general rule, and that rule will apply to this particular occurrence
Logic
Logic, as mentioned above, is the branch of philosophy that deals with rules for analyzing and establishing truths, as well as for naming and classifying things
Aesthetics
Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy that deals with beauty.
Political philosophy
Political philosophy considers the nature of government and the relations of the individual and the state.
Ethics Philosophy
Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with how humans should act in relations with one another. The study of interpersonal or social values, and the rules of conduct that derive from these values
Utilitarianism
A moral act is the act which provides the greatest good or happiness for the greatest number of people.
Rights and duties
A moral act is the act which recognizes the rights of others.
Fairness and Justice
A moral act is the act which treats similarly situated people in similar ways with regard to both process and outcome, and maintains a sense of proportion in results.
Virtue Ethics
A moral act is the one which a virtuous person would perform in a given circumstance. Based upon the writings of Aristotle. Difficuilt to apply to ethics situations. Thoughtful view of society.
Descriptive Ethics.
What people say and do
Normative ethics
prescribes what people should do
Sociopaths
individuals who appear to be without concern for the impact of their actions on other humans
Cost-benefit analysis
a utilitarian approach to evaluating proposed expenditures in business or in government.
Two criticisms of utilitarianism
The first is that it is simply impractical. For most decisions that a manager makes, there is not time to do any sort of serious analysis of the possible impacts.
