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Anaphy > module 1 pt 3 > Flashcards

module 1 pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of blood

A

transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, and
waste

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2
Q

a soft tissue that composes muscles in animal bodies, and gives rise to muscles’ ability to contract.

A

muscle tissue

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3
Q

Muscle tissue is formed during embryonic
development through a process known as ______.

A

myogenesis

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4
Q

3 types of muscle tissues

A

-Skeletal muscle
- Cardiac muscle
-Smooth muscle

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5
Q

Functions of muscle: what type of muscle is responsible for movement

A

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles

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6
Q

Functions of muscle: what type of muscle is responsible for stability

A

skeletal muscle

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7
Q

Functions of muscle: what type of muscle is responsible for communication

A

skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Functions of muscle: what type of muscle is responsible for controlling body openings and passages

A

skeletal and smooth muscles

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9
Q

Functions of muscle: what type of muscle is responsible for heat production

A

skeletal muscles

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10
Q

what are the properties of muscles

A

-Excitability
-Conductivity
-Contractility
-Extensibility able to stretch between contractions.
-Elasticity

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11
Q

property of muscles that respond to chemical, mechanical or electrical
stimuli.

A

excitability

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12
Q

property of muscles that initiate events that leads to contraction

A

conductivity

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13
Q

property of muscle that has the ability to shorten substantially

A

contractility

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14
Q

property o muscles that able to stretch between contractions

A

extensibility

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15
Q

Property of muscle that has the ability to return to original length after stretching

A

elasticity

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16
Q

Cells in this muscle are long and cylindrical in shape and multi-nucleated

A

skeletal muscles

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17
Q

3 contractile proteins in skeletal muscle

A

actin, myosin and tinin

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18
Q

Regulatory proteins in skeletal muscle

A

troponin and tropomyosin

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19
Q

A muscle in which cross-striations are present

A

skeletal muscle

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20
Q

what is a sacromere

A

contractile unit of skeletal muscle and defined as the distance between 2 “Z” discs.

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21
Q

types of muscle fibers

A

whole muscle fiber and single muscle fiber

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22
Q

composed of bundles of myofilaments

A

myofibril

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23
Q

areolar CT covering each muscle fiber and binding it to its neighbors.

A

Endomysium

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24
Q

What is Perimysium

A

dense irregular CT covering muscle fascicles

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25
Q

bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium

A

Fascicles

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26
Q

covering of dense irregular CT surrounding the entire muscle.

A

Epimysium

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27
Q

Skeletal Muscle Fascicle Arrangements:
thick in the middle and taper at the ends

A

fusiform

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28
Q

Skeletal Muscle Fascicle Arrangements:
muscle fibers are all parallel

A

parallel

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29
Q

Skeletal Muscle Fascicle Arrangements:
pennate

A

fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a
central tendon (feather shaped)

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30
Q

Skeletal Muscle Fascicle Arrangements:
spread out as a fan or converge to a point

A

convergent

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31
Q

Skeletal Muscle Fascicle Arrangements:
muscle fibers arranged concentrically

A

circular

32
Q

What are the 5 skeletal muscle fascicle arrangements?

A

-fusiform
-parallel
-pennate
-convergent
-circular

33
Q

What are the 7 functional groups in muscle tissue

A

agonist
antagonist
origin
synergists
fixators
insertion

34
Q

Functional groups in muscle tissue:
muscle whose contraction is responsible for a particular movement

A

prime mover or agonist

35
Q

muscle whose action opposes that of the prime mover or agonist

A

antagonist

36
Q

point of attachment where least movement occurs

A

Origin

37
Q

what is a synergists muscle tissue

A

muscles that assist the movement of the prime mover or agonist

38
Q

this stabilize the origin of the prime mover so it can move more efficiently

A

fixators

39
Q

point of attachment with greatest movement

A

insertion

40
Q

What in an intrinsic muscle and an extrinisic muscle

A

Intrinsic muscles are localized to a specific area (i.e. hand,
tongue, back, etc.). They function and are contained only
within that area.

Extrinsic muscles extend into other areas and are responsible
for movements of areas other than where they are attached.

41
Q

This is initiated by an action potential (nerve impulse) and followed by the release a chemical neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

A

contraction

42
Q

type of muscle contraction that is controlled by a nerve impulse (action potential) transmitted by the motor nerve from the brain or spinal cord

A

Skeletal muscle contraction

43
Q

What is a motor

A

a unit consists of all the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron.

44
Q

what is acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle

45
Q

It is a functional connection between a nerve fiber and its target cell.

A

synapse

46
Q

this is a synapse between a motor nerve and a muscle fiber.

A

Neuromuscular junction

47
Q

bulbous swelling at the end of a motor nerve above the motor end plate on the muscle fiber

A

Synaptic knob, terminal or bouton

48
Q

gap between the synaptic knob and the motor end plate

A

synaptic cleft

49
Q

small packets of neurotransmitter chemical (e.g. acetylcholine, norepinephrine, etc.)

A

synaptic vesicles

50
Q

This is based on the biochemical process for making ATP and how fast the fibers contract

A

fiber type

51
Q

What are the 3 fiber types

A

-Red or slow oxidative fibers [dark staining (R)]
-Intermediate or Fast oxidative fibers [lighter (I) staining)
-Fast glycolytic fibers [white (W) or non staining]

52
Q

A muscle tissue known an myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

53
Q

What is a cardiac muscle

A

is a structurally and functionally unique subtype of muscle tissue located in the heart, that actually has characteristics from both skeletal and muscle tissues

54
Q

It is capable of strong, continuous, and rhythmic contractions that are automatically generated.

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

55
Q

what are the 5 characterization of cardiac muscle

A

-cross-striations
- intercalated discs
- uni-nucleate cells
- automaticity
-Composed of the same contractile proteins as skeletal muscle

56
Q

muscle that is found in the walls of hollow organs like your intestines and stomach

A

smooth muscle

57
Q

These are involved in many ‘housekeeping’ functions of the body.

A

smooth muscles

58
Q

The ___________ of your intestines contract to push food
through your body.

A

muscular walls

59
Q

4 characterization of smooth muscles

A

-Spindle shaped cells
-Uni-nucleate cells
-Involuntary control
-Found in walls of hollow organs, blood vessels and glands

60
Q

What are the 2 major ANATOMICAL subdivisions

A

central and peripheral nervous system

61
Q

What is the central nervous composed of

A

brain and spinal cord enclosed in bony coverings

62
Q

These are all the nervous tissue outside the CNS

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

63
Q

bundles of axons in connective tissue; emerge from the CNS; carry signals

A

nerves

64
Q

What is ganglia

A

knotlike swellings in nerves

65
Q

Functional division of PNS that carry signals to the CNS

A

Sensory (Afferent) divisions

66
Q

Sensory division is composed of

A

somatic division
visceral sensory division

67
Q

2 divisions of Motor (Efferent) division

A

somatic motor division
visceral motor division (also called ANS)

68
Q

2 divisions of visceral motor division

A

sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

69
Q

Function of neurons

A

generate and transmits messages (as chemical & electrical signals) to different parts of the body

70
Q

What are the parts of neurons and its function

A

Cell-body - contains nucleus and organelles
Dendrites- receives input
Axon - conducts impulses away from the cell body
Axon terminal - releases neurotransmitters into the synapse

71
Q

What is the purpose of myelin sheath in axons

A

covers the length of the axon and increases the speed of electrical signal

72
Q

These are chemicals (proteins) made in the cell body but released from the axon terminals that stimulate other neurons

A

Neurotransmitter

73
Q

What are the 4 types of Neuroglial cells (CNS)

A

Astrocytes (star-shaped)
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells
Microglia

74
Q

Neuroglial cells that contribute to blood-brain barrier and regulate composition of brain tissue fluid

A

Astrocytes (star-shaped)

75
Q

Neuroglial cell that forms myelin sheaths in CNS; distinguish these from Schwann cells

A

oligodendrocytes

76
Q

Cell that line ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord; produce CSF

A

ependymal cells ( epithelial cells)

77
Q

formed from monocytes; engulf invading microbes
in areas of infection, trauma or stroke

A

microglia

Anaphy (5 decks)

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