Module 1 Flashcards by Allyxa Oyangoren

The study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts.

Anaphy

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The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.

Physiology

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Study of diseases

Pathology

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Study of underlying physiological aspects of disease

Pathophysiology

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The study of the structure and shape of the body and its relationship to one another

Anatomy

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Two types of anatomy

Gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy

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The study of large easily observable structures by naked eye such as the heart or bone

Gross anatomy or macroscopic anatomy

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The study a very small structures where of a magnifying lens or microscope is needed

Microscopic anatomy

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What are the four forms of gross anatomy

Surface anatomy
regional anatomy
systemic anatomy
developmental anatomy

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This is the study of superficial marking

Surface anatomy

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Study of specific area

Regional anatomy

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Study of system

Systemic anatomy

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What is developmental anatomy

Study the changes from conception to physical maturity or womb to tomb

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The study of cells

Cytology

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What is histology

The study of tissues

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What is physiology

The study of how the body parts and its parts work or function

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What is neurophysiology

Explains the working of the nervous system

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Studies the function of the heart

Cardiac physiology

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It is the study of the normal function of cell tissue organ systems and organisms

Physiology

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How many levels of structural organization are there

Six

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It is the simplest level of structural ladder

Chemical level

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Represents the highest level of structural organization and has 11 organ systems

Organism level

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What is tissue level

Groups of similar cells that have a common function

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This is the smallest unit of living things and organizations of various chemicals

Cellular level

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What is Organ level

It is the organization of different kinds of tissues

It is a group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

Organ system

If uniquely defines a chemical element and consist of central nucleus surrounded by electrons

Atom

It has two or more atoms that forms the smallest identifiable unit

Molecule

What is an organelle

Subcellular structures that has one or more specific jobs to perform in cells

Mass of cytoplasm that is bound externally by a cell membrane

Cell

Group of cells with similar structure that works together

Tissue

What is intercellular matrix

It fill the spaces between the cells

This means instrument or a tool

Organum

A collection of tissues forming a functional unit with a particular function

Organs

A living thing with organized structure that can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, adapt and maintain homeostasis

Organism

It is used in cellular respiration and breaking down sugar to produce ATP

Oxygen

What is cellular respiration

digestive process when food breaks down to supply sells with energy

What is oxidation process

Chemically changes food and liquid into energy

It is a waste gas that is produced when carbon is combined with oxygen as part of blank

Carbon dioxide; Body’s energy making process

Carbon dioxide is a waste product in the form of

Gas

What are the types of carbon dioxide in your blood

Bicarbonate carbonic acid dissolved CO2

What is ammonia and how does it leaves your body

It is a waste product that is turned to urea by the liver and leaves the body as urine

What are electrolytes

Helps in water balance Helps your muscles contract and relax and transmit nerve impulses

Name all the common electrolytes

Calcium chloride magnesium potassium phosphorus sodium

It is made up of atoms of carbon hydrogen and oxygen and it is either a form of sugar or many sugars linked together

Carbohydrate molecule

Differentiate monosaccharides disaccharides and polysaccharides

Monosaccharides has single the sugar molecule disaccharides has two sugar molecules polysaccharides has multiple sugar molecules bonded together

These are long chains of different amino acids That is involved in muscle movement energy storage digestion immune defense and etc.

Protein molecules

What is nuclear acids and why are they important

They are long chains made from nucleotides and contains two types of nucleic acids that are essential to all life DNA and RNA

What is DNA and RNA And how do they relate with each other

DNA makes up the genetic material of cells and responsible for carrying information for the organisms survival growth and reproduction while the RNA translate the genetic information in DNA when building proteins. Without are in a the information in DNA would be useless

Lipids are made out of carbon and hydrogen chains called

Fatty acids

It is a primary molecule found in the membranes of cells

Phospholipid

It helps in heat insulation storing energy and cellular communication

Lipids

These are fats oils waxes and steroids

Lipids

A type of cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic cells

A cell that has a nucleus and surrounded by nucleus membrane in which chromosomes are located.

Eukaryotic cell

What are chromosomes

Hereditary materials

What is Lynn Margulis hypothesis about cells

Suggest that eukaryotic cells are from prokaryotic cells

Plasma membrane is another term for

Phospholipid bi-layer

What is the role of phospholipid bi-layer membrane

Act as a selective pearmable gateway for the passages of substances into and out of the cell

What is a cytoplasm

A jellylike substances that surrounds organelles that are filled with thick solution and is enclosed by a cell membrane. it is also a site for important chemical reactions

It is the central and most important part of the cell because it is a command center

Nucleus

These are double membraned and four layers thick that surrounds the nucleus

Nuclear envelope

What does a nucleus contain and what does it produce

It contains DNA made up of chromatin threads and produces ribosomes

What are ribosomes

A small particle that consists of DNA and proteins found in the cytoplasm of living cells

What are the uses of ribosomes

They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins

It is considered the powerhouse of the cell and is the site for aerobic respiration

Mitochondria

This captures glucose and oxygen to release energy of the cell

Mitochondria

What are Cristae

Foldings within the Mitochondria

What is the chemical equation when glucose and oxygen and release energy of the cell

O2 + C6H12+MITO -> E+ H2O +CO2

What is an endoplasmic reticulum and what are the two types of this

lipid bi-layer used for all transport and the two types are smooth ER and rough ER