Module 1 Part 3: Derivatives of Amino Acids

Question 1

Cystine

Answer 1

dimer of 2 Cys via disulfide bond
What makes up kidney stones

Question 2

Homocysteine

Answer 2

derived from Met
Risk factor for CVD, can be converted to Cys or Met with sufficient B6, B9, B12

Question 3

Homocystine

Answer 3

2 homocysteine in disulfide bond
Can be reduced to homocysteine and then cystathione with B6

Question 4

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)

Answer 4

Derivative of methionine
methyl group donor

Question 5

Taurine

Answer 5

derivative of Cys
Adding to bile acids to improve emulsifying of fats

Question 6

Selenocysteine

Answer 6

Derived from Cys but Se instead of S
component of glutathione peroxidase antiox

Question 7

Ornithine and citrulline

Answer 7

Ornithine derived from Arg. and citrulline from ornithine
Urea cycle intermediates

Question 8

L-dopa

Answer 8

derived from tyrosine
precursor of melanin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine

Question 9

Cysteamine

Answer 9

Amine metabolite of Cys derived from degradation of Coenzyme A

Question 10

Histamine

Answer 10

Biogenic amine derived from histidine
Helps activates inflammatory response

Question 11

Catecholamines

Answer 11

Biogenic amines derived from L-dopa such as: dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine
Stress response

Question 12

Carnitine

Answer 12

Biogenic amine derived from Lys and Met
role in transport of FA into mitochondria for catabolism

Question 13

Creatine

Answer 13

Biogenic amine derived from Arg, Gly, Met
Energy store when phosphorylated