Module 1 Overview Flashcards
Define Conformation Bias
Tendency to search for, interpret, and remember info that conforms our beliefs.
Evidence-based practice (EBP) vs Evidence-informed practice (EIP)
EBP relies on quantitative research, may be too restrictive, and needs additional forms of evidence. EIP indicates person-centered approach, combing in rather than prioritizing (Not Either-Or, but Both-And)
Subjective vs Objective Findings
Subjective includes patient preference, history, and experience. Findings including patient preference and the experience of the pt, described by the pt.
Objective includes clinical exams, and diagnostic testing. Findings measured by the observer.
What is Patient Presentation and the challenges with this?
PP is the patient info that can inform clinical decisions. Weill informed patients make better decisions, are more compliant, and rate health better. Challenges include comorbidity (no experience dealing with), and time (average med. app. 17.4 min and patient talk time = 5.3).
Evidence Informed Practice and types of evidence.
EIP is broad in scope and considers many types of info when making healthcare decisions. Types include, patient presentation, findings from research, and experience (both the clinicians own experience and the historical experience of the profession).
Bio-psycho-social model description
Biological- what is described in nature (X-rays, exams)
Psychological - Typsically are subjective in nature (mood, expectation)
Social- Cultural background, support network, and life circumstances
Asking Clinical Questions Overview
The 6 As (Analyze, Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, Assess)
PICO formula (Patient/problem *25 y-old w/ menstrual cramps, Intervention *Massage therapy, Comparison *Pain meds, Outcome *pain relief)
Quantitative Research
*Collects data using N=Numbers
- Measures the effects of treatment in numerical terms
-Uses structured methods to describe an observation or relationship in numerical terms. - Based on the assumption that reality can and should be measured.
Qualitative
Collects data using L=Language
-Types of research that can answer questions that are more descriptive and exploratory in nature
- Takes the position that it is less important to discover what is “real” than it is to understand what contributes to peoples’ subjective understanding of reality.
5 C’s of Observational Research
Case Reports - A detailed description of a unique case in clinical practice
Cross - sectional study- A snapshot, or a cross-section of a specific population’s health and behaviors at one point in time
Case Series - An observation of a series of persons without a control group
Case control study - A group of “cases” who have developed that outcome of interest. Cases are then compared to “control” to see if there were differences in exposure.
Cohort study - In contrast to a case-study control, participants have NOT developed the outcome of interest yet. Researchers follow the cohort of a. Long period of time and categorize them into different levels of exposure.
Better quality evidence starting from left to right
Least to best quality
Case series/expert opinion —> Cross sectional Studies —> Case-control studies —> Cohort studies —> Trials —> Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
