Module 1: Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic
- The functional group attached to the acyl amino group is called a/an:
A.) Phenoxyethyl
B.) Isoxazoyl
C.) Imidazole
D.) Benzyl
E.) Methoxypheny
Isoxazoyl
Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic
- Halogen substituents are best placed in what position?
A.) 1,2-substitution
B.) 1,3-substitution
C.) 1,4-substitution
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both A and C
1,2-substitution
Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic
- This antibiotic is primarily indicated for what type of infection?
A.) Klebsiella
B.) Enterobacter
C.) Pseudomonas
D.) Staphylococci
E.) Streptococci
Staphylococci
Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic
- Adding more than 1 chloride atoms in the structure confers what modification on the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug?
A.) Liberation
B.) Absorption
C.) Distribution
D.) Metabolism
E.) Excretion
Distribution
Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic
- What is the role of chloride atoms in the structure?
A.) Increase the susceptibility to penicillinase
B.) Increasing the plasma concentration
C.) Acid resistance property
D.) Increase in parenteral absorption
E.) Increase in oral absorption
Increasing the plasma concentration
- Preservatives like parabens increase their preservative property by
A.) Reducing the parent compound
B.) Decreasing molecular weight
C.) Attaching a halogen to the parent compound
D.) Substituting the parent compound with a lipophilic group
E.) Increasing the molecular weight
Increasing the molecular weight
- Sodium pump is an example of
A.) enzyme-linked tyrosine kinase receptor
B.) G-protein coupled receptor
C.) Ion- channel
D.) Gene transcription-linked receptor
E.) None of the above
Ion- channel
- This is an approach in drug discovery wherein there is already an existing drug that can be used to identify a new lead compound?
A.) Random Screening
B.) Molecular Docking
C.) Parent compound modification
D.) Biotechnology techniques
E.) Rational Drug Design
Random Screening
- Azeotropic distillation of benzene is done in what concentration of ethanol?
A.) 95%
B.) 70%
C.) 50%
D.) 99%
E.) 10%
99%
- Radical reactions may also proceed using this reagent
A.) Bromine water
B.) Hydrogen peroxide
C.) Nitric acid
D.) Sodium oxalate
E.) Potassium bitartrate
Hydrogen peroxide
For numbers 11-14, refer to the series of the reaction
- What is the reagent needed for the first reaction?
A.) NaOH/ Oxidizing agent
B.) CH3 Cl/AlCl3
C.) HNO3/H2SO4
D.) NaOH/ Reducing agent
E.) CH3Br/NaNH2
CH3Cl/AlCl3
For numbers 11-14, refer to the series of the reaction
- The product formed with the reaction is
A.) Benzyl alcohol
B.) Phenol
C.) Benzoic acid
D.) Xylene
E.) Anisole
Benzoic acid
For numbers 11-14, refer to the series of the reaction
The reagent needed for the reaction to proceed is
A.) CH3Br/NaNH2
B.) NaOH/Reducing agent
C.) CH3COCl/AlCl3
D.) HNO3/H2SO4
E.) NaOH/ Oxidizing agent
HNO3/H2SO4
For numbers 11-14, refer to the series of the reaction
- The reagent needed for the reaction to proceed is
A) NaOH/Oxidizing agent
B) CH3Br/NaNH2/NO2
C) H2O/H2SO4
D) NaOH/Reducing agent
E) NBS
NaOH/Reducing agent
- When a carbonyl group reacts with a secondary amine, what will be the resulting product?
A.) Imine
B.) Amide
C.) Tertiary amine
D.) Enamine
E.) Secondary amine
Enamine
- The addition of hydrogen molecule to an alkene is catalyzed by what metal?
A.) Silver
B.) Palladium
C.) Berrylium
D.) Gallium
E.) Osmium
Palladium
- Methoxybenzene is also known as _____
A.) Anisole
B.) Toluene
C.) Aniline
D.) Xylene
E.) Anethole
Anisole
- Which of the following compounds can be use to synthesize primary alcohol?
A.) Propane
B.) Formaldehyde
C.) 3-chloropentane
D.) Acetone
E.) Ethanamine
Propane
- Which of the following cephalosporin is excreted in bile?
A.) Cefixime
B.) Cefotaxime
C.) Ceftriaxone
D.) Moxalactam
E.) Loracarbef
Ceftriaxone
- Preservatives use for molds
A.) Ethylparaben
B.) Methylparaben
C.) Butylparaben
D.) Propylparaben
E.) Isopropylparaben
Methylparaben
- Which is true about drug absorption?
I. For weakly acidic drug, it must e in its unionized form
II. For weakly acidic drug, it must be in its ionized form
III. For weakly basic drug, it must be in its unionized form
IV. For weakly basic drug, it must be in its ionized form
A.) I, II, III
B.) I and III
C.) II and IV
D.) III and IV
E.) I and III
I and III
Refer to the general structure of penicillin
- This anti-convulsant compound is susceptible to what metabolic pathway?
A.) Aromatic hydroxylation
B.) Methylation
C.) Sulfate conjugation
D.) Oxidative deamination
E.) GSH conjugation
Aromatic hydroxylation
For numbers 24-26, refer to the general structure of penicillin
- Which of the following will confer resistance against beta lactamases when synthesizing analogs of penicillin?
A.) Halogens
B.) Ring deactivators
C.) Electron withdrawing group
D.) Bulky group
E.) Ring activators
Bulky group
For numbers 24-26, refer to the general structure of penicillin
- What functional group is being modified if formulation into a salt is needed?
A.) Amide
B.) Carboxylic acid
C.) Carbonyl
D.) Alkyl
E.) 225g
Carbonyl
For numbers 24-26, refer to the general structure of penicillin
- What is the functional group attached to the beta lactam ring?
A.) Aryl amide
B.) Acyl amide
C.) Polyamide
D.) Carboxyamide
E.) Phenylamide
Aryl amide
- Which of the following is true on ideal antiseptic?
I. Low toxicity
II. Sustained and rapid lethal action against microorganisms
III. High surface tension
IV. Non-irritating and non-allergenic
A.) I, II, IV
B.) III only
C.) I, II, III, IV
D.) II and III
E.) III and IV
I, II, IV
- Aztreonam can elevate this enzyme
A.) Creatinine kinase
B.) Pyruvate kinase
C.) Alanine aminotransferase
D.) Creatinine phosphokinase
E.) Thrombin
Alanine aminotransferase
For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent
- The functional group in the box is an additional chemical entity of this drug that makes it a prodrug, what is the probable reason of adding that moiety to the parent compound?
A.) Increase in absorption
B.) Increase in palatability
C.) Decrease in Protein binding
D.) Increase in solubility
E.) Decrease in absorption
Increase in palatability
For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent
- The main functional group of this prodrug is a/an
A.) Amide
B.) Nitro
C.) Alcohol
D.) Ester
E.) Acyl halide
Ester
For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent
- When the drug will undergo metabolism, which of the following enzymes will act on it?
A.) Ligases
B.) Hydrolases
C.) Transferases
D.) Isomerases
E.) Lyases
Hydrolases
For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent
- When the drug is acted upon by different enzymes during its metabolism, what is/are the products?
A.) Alcohol
B.) Amide
C.) Carboxylic acid
D.) A and B
E.) B and C
Amide
For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent
- This drug is an example of
A.) Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
B.) Cell membrane disruptor
C.) Protein synthesis inhibitor
D.) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor
E.) Alkylating agent
Protein synthesis inhibitor
- The compound use to identify the partition coefficient in-vitro
A.) Tert-butyl alcohol
B.) Phenol
C.) Isopentyl alcohol
D.) N-octanol
E.) Benzyl alcohol
N-octanol
- Isoniazid is metabolized by humans principally by
A.) Acetylation
B.) Deamination
C.) Methylation
D.) Conjugation
E.) Oxidation
Deamination
- The total affinity of the ligand to its receptor
A.) Intrinsic activity
B.) Agonistic activity
C.) Avidity
D.) Antagonistic activity
E.) Agonistic affinity
Avidity
- Dimethylbenzene is also known as
A.) Anisole
B.) Aniline
C.) Xylene
D.) Phenol
E.) Ethylene
Xylene
For numbers 38-41, refer to the structure below
- The type of bond that exists in the structure
A.) Amide bond
B.) Ether bond
C.) Tert-amine bond
D.) Ester bond
E.) Glycosidic bond
Amide bond
For numbers 38-41, refer to the structure below
- This compound may produce the following effects, except
A.) Vasoconstriction
B.) Bradycardia
C.) Metallic taste
D.) CNS depression
E.) Sodium channel blockage
Vasoconstriction
For numbers 38-41, refer to the structure below
- The compound is an example of what class of drugs?
A.) Anesthetic
B.) Barbiturate
C.) Sedatives
D.) Analgesic
E.) Anxiolytics
Anesthetic
For numbers 38-41, refer to the structure below
- The absorption of this compound is governed by what equation?
A.) Noyes-Whitney equation
B.) Fick’s Law of Diffusion
C.) Beer’’s Law
D.) Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
E.) None of the above
Henderson-Hasselbach equation
- This compound is derived from the destructive distillation of castor oil and it is use as a keratolytic agent
A.) Salicylic acid
B.) Undecylanic acid
C.) Benzoic acid
D.) Chrysarobin
E.) Propionic acid
Undecylanic acid
- The following are example of G protein coupled receptors, except
A.) GABA receptors
B.) Beta-2 receptors
C.) Muscarinic receptors
D.) Alpha -1 receptors
E.) Beta -1 receptors
GABA receptors
- DNA Alkylating agent binds to its target by means of what bond?
A.) Hydrogen bonding
B.) Electrostatic bonding
C.) Hydrophobic bonding
D.) Ionic bonding
E.) Covalent bonding
Covalent bonding
- In the presence of a full agonist, a partial agonist becomes
A.) Agonist
B.) Antagonist
C.) Partial agonist
D.) Inverse agonist
E.) No effect
Antagonist
- A long-acting HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
A.) Rosuvastatin
B.) Lovastatin
C.) Fluvastatin
D.) Simvastatin
E.) Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin
- This is the most important CYP 450 isozyme that is responsible for the metabolism of almost 50% of the drugs available in the market
A.) CYP 2D6
B.) CYP 3A4
C.) CYP 2A9
D.) CYP 1A2
E.) CYP 2D10
CYP 3A4
- A theory that advances the idea that maximum pharmacologic effect can be obtained if all the receptors are occupied
A.) Hypothesis of Paton
B.) Lock and Key Theory
C.) Hypothesis of Clark
D.) Induced fit theory
E.) Hypothesis of Ariens & Stephenson
Hypothesis of Paton
- The anti-angina effect of nitrates is primarily due to the release of what gas?
A.) Nitrous oxide
B.) Dinitrogen oxide
C.) Nitrogen dioxide
D.) Nitric oxide
E.) Dinitrogen dioxide
Nitric oxide
- Diuretic that acts on the distal convulated tubule
A.) Indapamide
B.) Furosemide
C.) Ethacrinic acid
D.) Acetazolamide
E.) Spironolactone
Indapamide
- What is 1,4- dihydroxybenzene?
A.) Catechol
B.) Phenol
C.) Xylene
D.) Hydroquinone
E.) Resorcinol
Hydroquinone
- Halogenation of alkanes is possible in what type of reaction?
A.) Substitution
B.) Elimination
C.) Radical reactions
D.) Addition
E.) Combustion
Radical reactions
- Alkylation of aminobenzene will likely proceed to what position?
A.) Ortho position
B.) Meta position
C.) Para position
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both A and C
Both A and C
- This is a derivative of two carboxylic acids, in which the compound is formed by the removal of one molecule of water in two RCOOH
A.) Ether
B.) Acid anhydride
C.) Amide
D.) Acyl halide
E.) Ester
Acid anhydride
For numbers 55-58, Refer to the structure of Bricanyl®
- The drug is a derivative of
A.) Catechol
B.) Phenol
C.) Xylene
D.) Hydroquinone
E.) Resorcinol
Resorcinol
For numbers 55-58, Refer to the structure of Bricanyl®
- The compound is not affected by which enzyme during its metabolism?
A.) COMT
B.) MAO
C.) Carboxylases
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both A and C
COMT
For numbers 55-58, Refer to the structure of Bricanyl®
- The compound is a selective agonist of what receptor?
A.) Alpha 1
B.) M1
C.) Beta 1
D.) Beta 2
E.) N1
Beta 2
For numbers 55-58, Refer to the structure of Bricanyl®
- The compound is used to manage
A.) Hypertension
B.) Asthma
C.) Glaucoma
D.) Arrhythmia
E.) Hypotension
Asthma
- Benzene undergoes what type of reaction?
A.) Nucleophilic substitution
B.) Electrophilic addition
C.) Electrophilic substitution
D.) Radical reactions
E.) Nucleophilic addition
Electrophilic substitution
- Which of the following carbocation intermediate is the most stable?
A.) Primary
B.) Secondary
C.) Tertiary
D.) Quarternary
E.) None of the above
Tertiary
- Regioselectivity of an organic reaction in which the orientation of the substituents stabilizes the product is governed by
A.) Le Chatelier’s Principle
B.) Markovnikov’s Rule
C.) Heck Reaction
D.) Hund’s Rule
E.) Pauli’s Principle
Markovnikov’s Rule
- An enol is not a stable compound because it undergoes
A.) Electrophilic attack
B.) Hydrophobic attack
C.) Hydrophilic attack
D.) Hydrogen shift
E.) Tautomerization
Tautomerization
For numbers 63-66, refer to the structure of an anxiolytic drug
- The affinity of the drug to the ______ receptor exerts an anxiolytic and hypnotic effects
A.) Glutamate
B.) Histamine
C.) Gamma-aminobutyric acid
D.) Glycine
E.) Dopamine
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
For numbers 63-66, refer to the structure of an anxiolytic drug
- The binding affinity of the compound to its receptor is highly influenced by_______ in its structure
A.) Benzene ring
B.) Chloro substituted benzene ring
C.) Carbonyl moiety
D.) Imidazole ring
E.) Seven membered heterocyclic nitrogen ring
Chloro substituted benzene ring
For numbers 63-66, refer to the structure of an anxiolytic drug
- Increase the concentration of _______ ions in the cell makes this drug a sedative - hypnotic.
A.) Calcium
B.) Chloride
C.) Phosphate
D.) Potassium
E.) Sodium
Chloride
For numbers 63-66, refer to the structure of an anxiolytic drug
- An essential moiety for this compound to exert its sedative hypnotic effect
A.) Benzene ring
B.) Chloro substituted benzene ring
C.) Carbonyl moiety
D.) Imidazole ring
E.) Seven membered heterocyclic nitrogen ring
Seven membered heterocyclic nitrogen ring
- The acetylation of morphine yields
A.) Codeine
B.) Papaverine
C.) Noscapine
D.) Heroin
E.) Thebaine
Heroin
- Primidone is a prodrug that is converted into
A.) Entacapone
B.) Diazepam
C.) Phenobarbital
D.) Carbamazepine
E.) Aminophylline
Phenobarbital
- The structure of Zovirax is an analog of
A.)Thymine
B.) Adenine
C.) Guanosine
D.) Uracil
E.) Cytosine
Guanosine
- What is the difference of the structure of Zovirax to the conventional Nucleic acid base?
A.) It contains a ribose moiety
B.) It contains a deoxyribose moiety
C.) It contains an open sugar moiety
D.) There is a substituted amino group
E.) The hydroxyl group is not attached in the oxygen atom
It contains an open sugar moiety
- The structure of Zovirax® competitively inhibits what enzyme?
A.) DNA polymerase
B.) Reverse transcriptase
C.) Ligase
D.) RNA polymerase
E.) Protease
DNA polymerase
- Zovirax® is effective against the strain of
A.) Varicella
B.) HSV
C.) Vesicular Slomatitis Virus
D.) All of the above
E.) None of the above
All of the above
- In phenols, substitution at _______ position increases bactericidal activity
A.) Ortho
B.) Meta
C.) Para
D.) All of the above
E.) None of the above
Para
- C3H6O can be a/an
A.) Ketone
B.) Ether
C.) Aldehyde
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both A and C
Both A and B
- Zero order drug metabolism
A.) Saturated Kinetics
B.) Rate of metabolism is in constant concentration
C.) Rate of metabolism is not over time due to the presence of enzymes
D.) Dose dependent
E.) Constant fraction of the drug is metabolize
Saturated Kinetics
- Carbamazepine undergoes what Phase I metabolism reaction?
A.) Aromatic hydroxylation
B.) Olefinic carbon oxidation
C.) Oxidative deamination
D.) Allylic carbon oxidation
E.) Reduction of the - OH group
Olefinic carbon oxidation
- Thiopental is being converted into pentobarbital upon metabolism by what pathway?
A.) Oxidation
B.) Desulfuration
C.) Dealkylation
D.) Reduction
E.) Direct amine conjugation
Desulfuration
- Which of the following is true about penciclovir?
A.) The structure is similar to acyclovir, except with the side of oxygen which is replaced by a carbon and a hydroxyl group
B.) Short half life in tissues compared to acyclovir
C.) Competes for the viral RNA Polymerase and inhibits its synthesis
D.) It acts as a chain terminator
E.) All of the above
The structure is similar to acyclovir except with the side of oxygen which is replaced by a carbon and a hydroxyl group
- The first type of drugs for HIV to be available
A.) NNRTI
B.) NRTI
C.) Entry inhibitors
D.) Protease inhibitors
E.) Integrase inhibitors
NRTI
- Which of the following HIV drugs is also used for Hepatitis B infection?
A.) Azidothymidine
B.) Saquinavir
C.) Didanosine
D.) Lamivudine
E.) Efavirenz
Lamivudine
- Metabolic disorder is commonly seen in what type of HIV drugs?
A.) Integrase inhibitors
B.) Protease inhibitors
C.) NNRTI
D.) NRTI
E.) Entry inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
- Acylation of the Ring II of aminoglycosides produces ______
A.) Amikacin
B.) Streptomycin
C.) Tobramycin
D.) Gentamicin
E.) Kanamycin
Amikacin
- Coordination of what metal in tetracycline structure increases its activity?
A.) Iron
B.) Manganese
C.) Cobalt
D.) Palladium
E.) Nickel
Palladium
Glycopeptides exert their mechanism of action via
A.) Inhibition of 30s ribosomal subunit
B.) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
C.) Inhibition of 50s ribosomal subunit
D.) Inhibition of DNA gyrase
E.) Inhibition of cell membrane synthesis
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
- Which if the following cephalosporins can cross the blood brain barrier?
A.) Cefprozil
B.) Cefuroxime
C.) Cefalexin
D.) Cefmetazole
E.) Cefazolin
Cefuroxime
- This agent is used to chelate copper in which an excess amount causes Wilson’s disease
A.) EDTA
B.) Dimercaprol
C. Penicillamine
D.) BAL
E.) Deferoxamine
Penicillamine
- This class of penicillin contains a benzyl moiety that is responsible for its acid labile property
A.) Penicillin V
B.) Oxacillin
C.) Piperacillin
D.) Methicillin
E.) Penicillin G
Penicillin G
- In the Freidles Craft Alkylation of Aromatic rings, what catalyst is needed for the reaction to proceed?
A.) Lewis acid
B.) Bronsted acid
C.) Lewis base
D.) Arrhenius base
E.) Bronsted base
Lewis acid
- Sulfonamides are synthetic analogs of:
A.) Gamma aminobutyric acid
B.) Para amino benzoic acid
C.) Tricarboxylic acid
D.) Sulfonic acid
E.) Carbolic acid
Para amino benzoic acid
Compounds with two or more chiral centers are termed as
A.) Epimers
B.) Enantiomers
C.) Stereoisomers
D.) Diastereomers
E.) Constitutiona Isomers
Diastereomers
For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below
- This drug may likely bind to what protein?
A.) Albumin
B.) Alpha glycoprotein
C.) Ubuquitin
D.) Globulin
E. Bilirubin
Albumin
For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below
- What is the IUPAC name of the drug?
A.) Octanoic acid
B.) 2-propylpentanoic acid
C.) 4-propylpentanoic acid
D.) 1-butylbutanoic acid
E.) 2-methylheptanoic acid
2-propylpentanoic acid
For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below
- This drug may likely affects what neurotransmitter?
A.) GABA
B.) Dopamine
C.) Glutamate
D.) Norepinephrine
E.) Serotonin
GABA
For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below
- This drug affects what type of ion gated channel?
A.) Sodium
B.) Potassium
C.) Calcium
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both A and C
Sodium
For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below
- This drug is a powerful _____
A.) Antibiotic
B.) Skeletal muscle relaxant
C.) Antidepressant
D.) Anticonvulsant
E.) Antipsychotic
Anticonvulsant
- Insulin Receptors are classified as _______
A.) Ion gated channel receptors
B.) Tyrosine kinase receptors
C.) G- protein coupled receptors
D.) Gene transcription linked receptor
E.) Nuclear receptor
Tyrosine kinase receptors
The efficacy of salicylic acid as well as its solubility in water as compared to p-hydroxybenzoic acid is greatly affected by what phenomenon?
A.) Dipole movement
B.) Common ion effect
C.) Hydrophobic interactions
D.) Hydrogen bonding
E.) Electrostatic forces
Hydrogen bonding
The inhibition of the CYP 450 dependent lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase is the main mechanism of action of?
A.) Ketoconazole
B.) Amphotericin B
C.) Azelaic acid
D.) Griseofulvin
E.) Nystatin
Ketoconazole
Alkylation of aminobenzene will likely proceed to what position?
A.) Ortho only
B.) Ortho and Meta
C.) Meta and Para
D.) Para only
E.) Ortho and Para
Ortho and Para
An aliphatic phenothiazine derivative
A.) Chlorpromazine
B.) Thiorizadine
C.) Fluphenazine
D.) Perphenazine
E.) Clozapine
Chlorpromazine
Decarboxylation of L- Dihydroxyphenylalanine produces
A.) Tyrosine
B.) Epinephrine
C.) Ephedrine
D.) Dopamine
E.) Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Drugs with superior lipid solubility usually possess what moiety?
A.) Oxygen
B.) Nitrogen
C.) Chlorine
D.) Sulfur
E.) Fluorine
Sulfur
For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below
The compound that reacts to salicylic acid to make aspirin is an example of a/an______
A.) Alcohol
B.) Ketone
C. Ether
D.) Acid anhydride
E.) Ester
Acid anhydride
For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below
The major product (Aspirin) is prone to hydrolysis, which of the following is/are the product/s of its hydrolysis
A.) Carboxylic acid
B.) Alcohol
C.) Ester
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both A and C
Both A and B
For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below
When aspirin has been hydrolyzed, one of its products produces a keratolytic property, what is that product?
A.) Salicylic acid
B.) Undecylenic acid
C.) Ester
D.) Methyl salicylate
E.) Alcohol
Salicylic acid
For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below
What is the functional group of the major product has been formed?
A.) Ether
B.) Alcohol
C.) Phenolic
D.) Carboxylic acid
E.) Ester
Ester
For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below
What is the color of the product when aspirin is treated with Ferric Chloride?
A.) Blue
B.) Violet
C.) Yellow
D.) Red
E.) Colorless
Yellow
Which of the following compounds can be used to synthesize secondary alcohols?
A.) Formaldehyde
B.) Ethanoic acid
C.) Propanone
D.) Ethyl ethanoate
E.) Tert-butylbromide
Propanone
The following drugs undergo acetylation reaction upon metabolism except
A.) Hydralazine
B.) Ethanol
C.) Isoniazid
D.) Procainamide
E.) Sulfanilamide
Ethanol
Mercury exhibits is antimicrobial action by
A.) Hydrolysis and protein denaturation
B.) Oxidation of sulfhydryl group
C.) Disruption of cytoplasmic membrane
D.) Inhibition of protein synthesis
E.) Protein denaturation inactivation of the bacterial enzyme
Protein denaturation inactivation of the bacterial enzyme
Which of the following antibiotics is derived from Streptomyces orientalis?
A.) Nystatin
B.) Bacitracin
C.) Vancomycin
D.) Amphotericin B
E.) Amikacin
Vancomycin
Diuretic that acts on the thick ascending limb (TAL)
A.) Indapamide
B.) Furosemide
C.) Acetazolamide
D.) Amiloride
E.) Mannitol
Furosemide
This is a butyrophenone derived antipsychotic agent that is frequently used for Tourette’s syndrome
A.) Clozaril
B.) Haldol
C.) Thorazine
D.) Daxolin
E.) Zoloft
Haldol
This compound is the basis of the synthesis of thiazide diuretics by treating with acylating agents
A.) Acetazolamide
B.) Dichlorphenamide
C.) Chloraminophenamide
D.) Methazolamide
E.) Indapamide
Chloraminophenamide
A non-prodrug ACE inhibitor
A.) Quinapril
B.) Captopril
C.) Fosinopril
D.) Enalapril
E.) Imidapril
Captopril
Compound such as Azithromycin possess the following characteristics, except
A.) Large lactone ring
B.) Ketone Group
C.) Ether group
D.) Alkyl group
E.) Glycosidically linked sugar
Ketone group
For numbers 116-119, Refer to the structure of Azithromycin
This class of antibiotic exerts its action by ________
A.) Binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit of bacteria
B.) Inhibition of cell wall cross linking
C.) Inhibition of bacterial transpeptidation
D.) Binding to the 30s ribosomal subunit of bacteria
E.) Inhibition of Nucleic acid synthesis
Binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit of bacteria
For numbers 116-119, Refer to the structure of Azithromycin
The preparation of Azithromycin is done by ______ of its analog.
A.) Acetylation
B.) Oxidation
C.) N-methylation
D.) Reduction
E.) Cross linking
N-methylation
For numbers 116-119, Refer to the structure of Azithromycin
The presence of a tertiary amine group in the compounds provides the following characteristics of
A.) Superior lipid solubility
B.) Increasing in plasma concentration
C.) Acid - labile property
D.) Stability to acid - catalyzed degradation
E.) Decreasing in plasma concentration
Acid - labile property
Theophylline is also known as ____
A.) 5,7- Dimethylxanthine
B.) 1,7- Dimethylxanthine
C.) 3,7- Dimethylxanthine
D.) 1,3- Dimethylxanthine
E.) 2,7- Dimethylxanthine
1,3- Dimethylxanthine
For numbers 121-123, Refer to the structure below
What functional group is attached to the primary amine moiety?
A.) Carboxyl
B.) Acetyl
C.) Benzyl
D.) Carbonyl
E.) Methyl
Acetyl
For numbers 121-123, Refer to the structure below
The main group of this compound
A.) Phenolic
B.) Benzoic
C.) Amino
D.) Amide
E.) Hydroxyl
Phenolic
For numbers 121-123, Refer to the structure below
The compound possess only minimal ________ property.
A.) Analgesic
B.) Anti-inflammatory
C.) Anti-asthma
D.)Antipyretic
E.) Anti-platelet
Anti-inflammatory
The prototype narcotic analgesic
A.) Fentanyl
B.) Morphine
C.) Meperidine
D.) Codeine
E.) Naloxone
Morphine
Cyclophosphamide belongs to what class of chemotherapeutic agents?
A.) Antimetabolites
B.) Antibiotics
C.) Alkylating agents
D.) Microtubule synthesis inhibitors
E.) None of the above
Alkylating agents
The amino acid precursor of catecholamines
A.) Tryptophan
B.) Threonine
C.) Histidine
D.) Tyrosine
E.) Arginine
Tyrosine
A nucleophile is a species that is rich in
A.) Protons
B.) Neutrons
C.) Radical
D.) Double bonds
E.) Electrons
Electrons
These are functional macromolecules that undergo structural conformation when a substrate binds to it.
A.) Receptors
B.) Enzymes
C.) Ion channel
D.) Ligands
E.) Apienzymes
Receptors
A drug with a pKa of 4.76 is likely to be excreted in what medium?
A.) Acidic
B.) Basic
C.) Neutral
D.) All of the above
E.) None of the above
Acidic
The bond that connects the moieties of prilocaine is/ an
A.) Ester
B.) Amide
C.) Carbonyl
D.) Ether
E.) Amine
Ester
For numbers 131-135, Refer to the structure of Adrenalin
The drug is derivative of ________
A.) Phenol
B.) Resorcinol
C.) Benzene
D.) Catechol
E.) Hydroquinone
Resorcinol
For numbers 131-135, Refer to the structure of Adrenalin
The parent compound is highly susceptible to what type of metabolic reaction?
A.) Reduction
B.) Methylation
C.) Hydrolysis
D.) Oxidation
E.) Glycine conjugation
Methylation
For numbers 131-135, Refer to the structure of Adrenalin
The compound is an endogenous substance in the body that functions as
A.) Neurotransmitters
B.) Enzyme
C.) Substrate
D.) Ligand
E.) Hormone
Hormone
For numbers 131-135, Refer to the structure of Adrenalin
The compound is used to manage _______
A.) Tachycardia
B.) Shock
C.) Pain
D.) Stroke
E.) Coagulation
Shock
For numbers 131-135, Refer to the structure of Adrenalin
What configuration of this compound possess a biological activity?
A.) S-isomer
B.) R-isomer
C.) Levo isomer
D.) Z- isomer
E.) E-isomer
R-isomer
This product of arachidonic acid pathway is a potent platelet aggregator
A.) PGE
B.) LTC4
C.) HETE
D.) TXA2
E.) PGF
TXA2
A compound with a molecular formula of C2H6O is most like to be a/a ______
A.) Alcohol
B.) Ether
C.) Ketone
D.) Both B and C
E.) Both A and B
Both A and B
Sulbactam is usually combined with what antibiotic?
A.) Amoxicillin
B.) Methoxypenicillin
C.) Piperacillin
D.) Benzylpenicillin
E.) Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Addition of alcohol to an alkene yields what product?
A.) Carboxylic acid
B.) Ether
C.) Alkane
D.) Ester
E.) Ketone
Ether
Orthohydroxybenzoic acid is _____
A.) Carboxylic acid
B.) Oxalic acid
C.) Citric acid
D.) Salicylic acid
E.) Tartaric acid
Salicylic acid
What is the most common adverse effect of this drug?
A.) Optic neuritis
B.) Gastrointestinal irritation
C.) Tachycardia
D.) Adrenal insufficiency
E.) Hypoglycemia
Gastrointestinal irritation
In what enzyme does this drug acts?
A.) COX
B.) COMT
C.) LOX
D.) PLA
E.) MAO
COX
Refer to the structure of Indocin
This drug can be used to treat patients with
A.) Acromegaly
B.) Patent ductus arteriosus
C.) Coagulation disorder
D.) Renal failure
E.) Asthma
Patent ductus arteriosus
This drug may likely bind to what protein?
A.) Albumin
B.) Globulin
C.) Alpha glycoprotein
D.) All of the above
E.) None of the above
Albumin
The drug is a derivative of what compound?
A.) Imidazole
B.) Xanthine
C.) Furan
D.) Piperidine
E.) Indole
Indole
Name of this compound
A.) Pyran
B.) Indole
C.) Pyrrole
D.) Imidazole
E.) Furan
Furan
This is the common name of p- hydroxy phenol
A.) Catechol
B.) Resorcinol
C.) Quinone
D.) Hydroquinone
E.) Benzoic acid
Hydroquinone
Polyene anti-infectives exert their mechanism of action by
A.) Cell wall synthesis inhibition
B.) Inhibition of the 30s ribosomal subunit
C.) Cell membrane synthesis inhibition
D.) Inhibition of the 50s ribosomal subunit
E.) DNA synthesis Inhibition
Cell membrane synthesis inhibition
Which of the drugs below exhibit auto-oxidation?
A.) Carbamazepine
B.) Sotalol
C.) Isoniazid
D.) Epinephrine
E.) Metformin
Carbamazepine
A rare spiro chemical structure is observed in what antifungal drug?
A.) Amphothericin B
B.) Griseofulvin
C.) Tolnaftate
D.) Miconazole
E.) Azelaic acid
Griseofulvin
Typical reaction of alkanes
A.) Nucleophilic addition
B.) Radical halogenation
C.) Elimination
D.) Electrophilic substitution
E.) Cyclization
Radical halogenation
Secondary alcohols are oxidized into
A.) Aldehyde
B.) Esters
C.) Ketone
D.) Carboxylic acids
E.) Ethers
Ketone
Which of the following diuretic inhibits an enzyme?
A.) Furosemide
B.) Thiazides
C.) Mannitol
D.) Indapamide
E.) Acetazolamide
Acetazolamide
Acetylene has a geometrical configuration of
A.) Planar
B.) Octagonal
C.) Rhombic
D.) Tetrahedral
E.) Cubic
Planar
A uricosuric agent used to prevent the rapid excretion of penicillin
A.) Sulindac
B.) Probenecid
C.) Colchicine
D.) Felbamate
E.) Lamotrigine
Probenecid
Friedle - Crafts alkylation of benzene requires this catalyst
A.) Bronsted base
B.) Lewis acid
C.) Bronsted acid
D.) Arrhenius acid
E.) Lewis base
Lewis acid
This is the property of carbon atom where it form bonds with other carbon atoms
A.) Covalent bonding
B.) Catenation
C.) Non- polar bonding
D.) Electronegativity
E.) Ionic bonding
Catenation
Geometry of an sp3 hybridized orbital
A.) Rhombic
B.) Planar
C.) Tetrahedral
D.) Cubic
E.) Octagonal
Tetrahedral
It is the strain occured when electrons in a C-H bond will repel the electrons in another C-H bond if the bonds get too close to each other
A.) Angular strain
B.) Torsional strain
C.) Equatorial strain
D.) Steric strain
E.) Axial strain
Torsional strain
Lindlar’s catalyst is employed to produce a/an ______ from the reaction of H2 to an alkyne
A.) Ketone
B.) Alkene
C.) Amine
D.) Amide
E.) Alcohol
Alkene
Predict the product of the reaction
A.) Ar-OCl
B.) Ar-OR
C.) Ar-Cl
D.) Ar-CO
E.) Ar-COR
Ar-COR
Corticosteroids are protent Anti-inflammatory drugs because they inhibit which enzyme?
A.) Lipoxygenase
B.) Phospholipase
C.) Transferase
D.) Thromboxane
E.) Cyclooxygenase
Phospholipase
G- protein coupled receptors are activated via these secondary messengers, except
A.) cAMP
B.) IP3
C.) DAG
D.) cGMP
E.) NO
NO
An enol is not a stable compound because it undergoes
A.) Nucleophilic attack
B.) Hydrophobic interactions
C.) Hydrogen shift
D.) Tautomerization
E.) Hydrophilic attack
Tautomerization
Which is the most stable conformation of cyclohexane
A.) Chair
B.) Boat
C.) Staggered
D.) Eclipsed
E.) Planar
Chair
It is the strain put on a molecule when atoms or groups are too close to one another.
A.) Angular Strain
B.) Torsional Srain
C.) Equatorial Strain
D.) Steric Strain
E.) Axial Strain
Steric Strain
An aliphatic phenothiazine derivative
A.) Chlorpromazine
B.) Fluphenazine
C.) Perphenazine
D.) Thioridazine
E.) Thiothixene
Chlorpromazine
What is the prominent adverse effect of aminogycosides?
A.) Hepatotoxicity
B.) Cardiotoxicity
C.) Neurotoxicity
D.) Nephrotoxicity
E.) Dermal toxicity
Nephrotoxicity
A theory that states that the effectiveness of the drug last as long as the receptors are occupied
A.) Hypothesis of Paton
B.) Lock and Key theory
C.) Hypothesis of Clark
D.) Induced fit theory
E.) Hypothesis of Ariens & Stephenson
Hypothesis of Ariens & Stephenson
Bacitracin is not usually given parenterally because of its
A.) Insolubility
B.) Nephrotoxicity
C.) Pain on the administration site
D.) Lack of stability
E.) Lack of potency
Nephrotoxicity
Which of the following medications would represents arthritis therapy that is least likely to cause gastric ulceration?
A.) Sulindac
B.) Rofecoxib
C.) Tolmetin
D.) Piroxicam
E.) Phenylbutazone
Rofecoxib
Methylbenzene is also known as
A.) Anisole
B.) Toluene
C.) Aniline
D.) Xylene
E.) Anethole
Toluene
Alkyl substituent that are bounded to the ____ carbons of an alkene have a stabilizing effect on the alkene.
A.) sp
B.) Tetrahedral
C.) sp2
D.) Octagonal
E.) sp3
sp2
Reactions of terminal alkynes follow the ____ when it is treated with excess HCL/HBr
A.) Le Chatelier’s Principle
B.) Markovnikov’s rule
C.) Heck Reaction
D.) Hund’s Rule
E.) Pauli’s Principle
Markovnikov’s rule
Addition of water to an alkyne leads to the formation of
A.) Alcohol
B.) Carboxylic acid
C.) Ketone
D.) Aldehyde
E.) Ester
Ketone
Primary reaction of alkyl halides
A.) Nucleophilic addition
B.) Radical halogenations
C.) Elimination
D.) Electrophilic substitution
E.) Nucleophilic substitution
Nucleophilic substitution
SN2 reaction is primarily observed in
A.) Secondary amines
B.) Tertiary alkyl
C.) Primary alkyl halides
D.) Primary alcohols
E.) All of the above
Primary alkyl halides
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an ideal antiseptic agent?
A.) Low toxicity
B.) High surface tension
C.) Non-allergenic
D.) Low surface tension
E.) Sustained and rapid lethal action against microorganisms
High surface tension
Which organism is the standard for determining the efficacy of alcohols as antiseptic?
A.) Streptococcus agalactiae
B.) Staphylococcus aureus
C.) Salmonella Typhi
D.) Hemophilus influenza
E.) Klebsiella pneumonia
Staphylococcus aureus
This agent is prepared by sulfuric acid catalyzed hydration of propene
A.) Methoxypropane
B.) N-Propanol
C.) Isopropyl alcohol
D.) Propylene
E.) Propanoic acid
Isopropyl alcohol
Chlorocresol is primarily used as
A.) Preservative
B.) Alkylating agent
C.) Astringent
D.) Sterilant
E.) Fungicidal
Preservative
In the structure of cephalosporins, the beta lactam ring should have the ____ configuration that is essential for its activity
A.) Trans
B.) E
C.) Levo
D.) Dextro
E.) Cis
Cis
Which of the following characteristics of the bicyclic ring system of penicillins is true?
A.) Strain is essential for greater activity
B.) Substitution of an alkyl group to the Hydrogen moiety in the beta lactam ring confers Greater efficacy
C.) The trans streochemistry in the beta lactam Ring ring confers greater efficacy
D.) Activity increases when the carboxylic acid Group is modified into an ester
E.) Sulfur is an essential atom in the bicycling Ring system
Strain is essential for greater activity
Which of the following is true for hydrogen peroxide
A.) Active against aerobic microorganism
B.) Good only as topical agent
C.) Inactive for anaerobic microorganism
D.) Superior tissue penetrability
E.) Use as a preservative for heat sensitive chemicals
Good only as topical agent
Which of the following exerts their action by distortion of cells and eventually causing lysis?
A.) Benzalkonium chloride
B.) Phenol
C.) Iodine
D.) Cresol
E.) Alcohol
Benzalkonium chloride
Organism used as standard for the efficacy of phenol and its derivatives
A.) Streptococcus agalactiae
B.) Staphylococcus aureus
C.) Salmonella typhi
D.) Hemophilus influenzae
E.) Klebsiella pneumonia
Salmonella typhi
Used to treat diaper rash in infants caused by Candida albbicans
A.) Methylbenzethonium chloride
B.) Thimerosal
C.) Ethylene oxide
D.) Chlorhexedine
E.) Methylene blue
Methylbenzethonium chloride
Which of the following is used as a keratolytic agent?
A.) Thymol
B.) Resorcinol
C.) Eugenol
D.) Chlorocresol
E.)Hexachlorphene
Resorcinol
Which of the following is the salt of Penicillin G?
A.) Potassium
B.) Calcium
C.) Sodium
D.) All of these
E.) None of these
All of these
Saponification is the alkali hydrolysis of
A.) R-O-R
B.) R-COOR
C.) R-COOH
D.) R-OH
E.) Ar-OH
R-COOR
Aminobenzene is also known as
A.) Anisole
B.) Toluene
C.) Aniline
D.) Xylene
E.) Anethole
Aniline
This is a derivative of two carboxylic acids, in which the compound is formed by the removal of one molecule of water in two RCOOH
A.) Acyl halide
B.) Esters
C.) Alkyl halide
D.) Acid anhydride
E.) Ethers
Acid anhydride
Saquinavir belongs to what group of HIV drugs?
A.) Nucleosides Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
B.) Protease Inhibitor
C.) RNA synthesis inhibitor
D.) Fusion inhibitor
E.) Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Protease Inhibitor
Dehydration of secondary alcohols yield
A.) Alkyne
B.) Alkane
C.) Ketone
D.) Alkene
E.) Alkyl halide
Alkene
Thimerosal is a preservative that contains
A.) Hg
B.) Fe
C.) Co
D.) Ni
E.) Cu
Hg
Imidazole nucleus is primarily found in what type of anti-infective agents?
A.) Antiseptics
B.) Antiviral
C.) Disinfectants
D.) Antimycobacterials
E.) Antifungal
Antifungal
The receptor of steroidal hormones are primarily found in the____.
A.) Cell membrane
B.) Nucleus
C.) Ribosomes
D.) Cytoplasm
E.) Cell wall
Nucleus
DNA alkylating agents binds to its target by means of what bond?
A.) Hydrophobic
B.) Ionic
C.) Covalent
D.) Electrostatic
E.) Hydrogen
Covalent
Theobromine is also known as
A.) 5, 7 –Dimethylxanthine
B.) 1, 7 - Dimethylxanthine
C.) 3, 7- Dimethylxanthine
D.) 1, 3 – Dimethylxanthine
E.) 2, 7- Dimethylxanthine
3,7-Dimethylxanthine
The following are the effects of protein binding, except
A.) Prevent rapid excretion of the drug
B.) Limits the amount available for the metabolism
C.) Decreases free drug molecules
D.) Decreases half-life of drugs
E.) None of the above
Decreases half-life of drugs
This agent is used to chelate copper in which an excess amount causes Wilsson’s disease
A.) Deferoxamine
B.) EDTA
C.) Penicillamine
D.) BAL
E.) Dimercaprol
Penicillamine
A paraben used to preserve the drug from molds
A.) Methylparaben
B.) Ethylparaben
C.) Propylparaben
D.) Butylparaben
E.) N-butylparaben
Methylparaben
Reduction of Aldehydes yield
A.) Carboxylic acid
B.) Primary alcohols
C.) Ethers
D.) Ketones
E.) Secondary alcohols
Primary alcohols
Alkenes have a general formula of
A.) CnH2n+1
B.) CnH2n+2
C.) CnH2n
D.) CnHn
E.) CnH2n-2
CnH2n
In the presence of a full agonists, a partial agonist becomes _____
A.) Remained as partial agonist
B.) Antagonist
C.) Both agonist and antagonist
D.) Inverse agonist
E.) Full agonist
Antagonist
These are substances that donate an electron pair
A.) Lewis acid
B.) Bronsted base
C.) Lewis base
D.) Arrhenius base
E.) Bronsted acid
Lewis base
The following agents are used to treat hyperacidity and GI ulceration, except
A.) Cytotek
B.) Ranitidine
C.) Omeprazole
D.) Aripiprazole
E.) Maalox
Aripiprazole
The amino acid precursor of serotonin
A.) Threonine
B.) Arginine
C.) Tyrosine
D.) Tryptophan
E.) Histidine
Tryptophan
Dynacin® binds to the _____ ribsomal subunit
A.) 20s
B.) 30s
C.) 60s
D.) 40s
E.) 50s
30s
Tagamet®
The heterocyclic ring in its structure is
A.) Indole
B.) Furan
C.) Pyran
D.) Pyridine
E.) Imidazole
Imidazole
Tagamet®
This drug has a weak antiandrogenic effect, therefore, one of its adverse effects is :
A.) Gynecomastia
B.) Hirsutism
C.) Adrenaline crisis
D.) Flushing
E.) Cushing syndrome
Gynecomastia
Tagamet®
This drug antagonize what receptor?
A.) Alpha 1
B.) Dopamine
C.) Muscarinic 3
D.) Histamine 1
E.) Beta 1
Histamine 1
- The following molecules readily penetrate a variety of cells and tissues, Except
A.) Hydrophobic
B.) Non - ionized
C.) Hydrophilic
D.) Lipid soluble
E.) Non polar
Hydrophilic
Active site directed irreversible inhibition is exhibited in what type of bond
A.) Electrostatic
B.) Van der Waals
C.) Hydrogen bonding
D.) Ionic
E.) Covalent
Covalent
Aldomet®
This drug is an analog of what neurotransmitter?
A.) Norepinephrine
B.) Serotonin
C.) Glutamate
D.) GABA
E.) Histamine
Norephinephrine
Aldomet®
This drug exerts effect as a _______
A.) Hydroxylase inhibitor
B.) Decarboxylase inhibitor
C.) Transferase inhibitor
D.) Carboxylase inhibitor
E.) Protease inhibitor
Decarboxylase inhibitor
Aldomet®
This is primarily indicated for ______
A.) Cardiac failure
B.) Hypertension
C.) Muscle pain
D.) Aldosteronism
E.) Cushing syndrome
Hypertension
A lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor
A.) Montelukast
B.) Zileuton
C.) Cromolyn
D.) Zafirlukast
E.) Nedocromyl
Zileuton
Luminal®
The compound may likely increase the concentration of ______ in the cell
A.) Sodium
B.) Calcium
C.) Magnesium
D.) Potassium
E.) Chloride
Chloride
Luminal®
The compound has an affinity to what receptor?
A.) Glutamate
B.) Serotonin
C.) GABA
D.) Glycine
E.) Histamine
GABA
Luminal®
The compound is used to treat what condition?
A.) Asthma
B.) Fungal infection
C.) Depression
D.) Convulsion
E.) Hypertension
Convulsion
Luminal®
This compound resembles a/an
A.) Benzodiazepine
B.) Imidazole
C.) Barbiturates
D.) Indole
E.) Pyrrole
Barbiturates
Gq receptors stimulates ________ that leads to increase in the intracellular calcium level
A.) Phospholipase
B.) Lipoxygenase
C.) DOPA Decarboxylase
D.) Carboxylase
E.) Cyclooxygenase
Phospholipase
Cholestyramine confers what type of antagonism?
A.) Pharmacodynamic
B.) Chemical
C.) Physical
D.) Pharmacokinetic
E.) Physiological
Pharmacokinetic
Dehydrated alcohol is prepared by the azeotropic distillation using what solvent?
A.) Toluene
B.) Pyridine
C.) Chloroform
D.) Benzene
E.) Hexane
Benzene
Which of the following is the most effective?
A.) Tert-butyl alcohol
B.) N-decanol
C.) 3-hexanol
D.) Ethanol
E.) 4-pentanol
Ethanol
Used in combination with camphor in liquid petrolatum
A.) P-Chlorophenol
B.) Eugenol
C.) Chlorhexidine
D.) Cresol
E.) Thymol
P-Chlorophenol
Which of the following substituents increase the activity of phenol?
A.) Chlorine
B.) Sulfur
C.) Phosphorus
D.) Oxygen
E.) Nitrogen
Chlorine
It induces cell proliferation (epithelial) leading to sloughing and repair
A.) Carbamide peroxide
B.) Hexylresorcinol
C.) Cetylpyridium chloride
D.) Chlorhexidine
E.) Benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide
Which of the following dyes is used as vaginal suppository?
A.) Methylene blue
B.) Malachite green
C.) Gentian violet
D.) Carbolfuchsin
E.) Bromocresol
Gentian violet
Which of the following penicillin is prone to renal tubular secretion?
A.) Methicillin
B.) Pen G
C.) Carbenicillin
D.) Cloxacillin
E.) Ampicillin
Pen G
The structure contains the salt of what amino acid?
A.) Alanine
B.) Valine
C.) Lysine
D.) Isoleucine
E.) Arginine
Valine
The first type of drug released to treat HIV infection
A.) Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
B.) Protease Inhibitor
C.) RNA synthesis inhibitor
D.) Fusion Inhibitor
E.) Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
The ability of a substance to exist in different crystalline form
A.) Isomerism
B.) Lattice
C.) Crystallization
D.) Polymorphism
E.) Ampotherism
Crystallization
The first step that determines the onset of action, rate of absorption and bioavailability
A.) Liberation
B.) Metabolism
C.) Elimination
D.) Absorption
E.) Distribution
Liberation
Nevirapine is known to cause _______ for HIV patients with low CD4 count
A.) Renal failure
B.) Rash
C.) Mouth sore
D.) Vertigo
E.) Cardiomegaly
Rash
Insulin preparation that is made of 70% crystalline and 30% amorphous form
A.) Humalin
B.) Insulin NPH
C.) Short acting insulin
D.) Insulin glargine
E.) Insulin Lispro
Insulin NPH
Type of antagonism that forms a chelate/ complex
A.) Physical
B.) Pharmacokinetic
C.) Physiological
D.) Chemical
E.) Pharmacodynamic
Chemical
Secondary messenger produced when adenyl cyclase is activated
A.) IP3
B.) DAG
C.) cAMP
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both B and C
cAMP
The metabolic pathway is an example of
A.) Reductive elimination
B.) Oxidative deamination
C.) Reductive deamination
D.) Hydrolysis
E.) Oxidative dealkylation
Oxidative deamination
This pathway is true for what kind of compounds?
A.) Endogenous radicals
B.) Endogenous amides
C.) Endogenous amino acids
D.) Endogenous amines
E.) None of these
Endogenous amines
Which of the following is/are true regarding the phase I drug metabolism?
I. Also known as conjugation reaction
II. Includes oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis
III. Generally tends to provide a functional group or “handle” to the molecule
A.) I only
B.) I, II, III
C.) II only
D.) II and III
E.) I and III
II and III
Biogenic amines are inactivated primarily by
A.) Oxidation
B.) Methylation
C.) GSH conjugation
D.) Sulfate conjugation
E.) Reduction
Methylation
Which of fhe following is /are true regarding phase II drug metabolism?
I. Allows the attachment of small, polar and ionizable endogenous compounds
II. Allows the termination or attenuated of a biologic activity
III. Serves to protect the body against chemically reactive compounds or metabolites
A.) II and III
B.) I, II, III
C.) I only
D.) I and II
E.) III only
I, II, III
Which of the following can be used to synthesize methyl orange?
A.) Methyl alcohol
B.) Toluene
C.) Benzyl chloride
D.) Sulfanilic acid
E.) Ammonium nitrite
Sulfanilic acid
Which of the following compounds is considered as a chromophore?
A.) Nitro
B.) Butyl
C.) R-O-R
D.) R-OH
E.) Cyclohexane
Nitro
Which of the following catalyst is required for the synthesis of an ester
A.) HBr
B.) CH3Cl
C.) NH4NO3
D.) H2SO4
E.) CCl4
H2SO4
Which of the following form is the stable?
A.) Tertiary carbocation
B.) Primary carbanion
C.) Primary carbocation
D.) Methyl radical
E.) Secondary carbocation
Tertiary carbocation
Which of the following reagents can be used to solubilize phenol in water?
A.) HCl
B.) NaOH
C.) CH2Cl2
D.) HBr
E.) NH2CONH2
NaOH
Ethanol is identified by this reagent in its confirmatory test
A.) Ammonium cyanide
B.) Phosphomolybdic acid
C.) Aluminum chloride
D.) Potassium perchlorate
E.) Sodium nitroprusside
Sodium nitroprusside
Violet color result with ferric chloride is commonly observed in
A.) Aspirin
B.) Phenol
C.) Propylamide
D.) Benzene
E.) Acetic acid
Phenol
Benzoic acid can be obtained from toluene by means of what process?
A.) Reduction
B.) Substitution
C.) Oxidation
D.) Elimination
E.) Conjugation
Oxidation
Which of the following compounds inhibits squalene oxidase?
A.) Tolnaftate
B.) Undecylanic acid
C.) Natamycin
D.) Ketoconazole
E.) Benzoic acid
Tolnaftate
Inhibition of the production of folic acid is the mechanism of action of
A.) Griseofulvin
B.) Sulfamethoxazole
C.) Norfloxacin
D.) Nystatin
E.) Nalidixic acid
Sulfamethoxazole
Polyene antifungals bind to ______ to promote ion leakage resulting to fungal death
A.) Microtubules
B.) DNA
C.) Cell wall
D.) Ribosomes
E.) Ergosterol
Ergosterol
The second synthetic analog of Benzylpenicillin
A.) Phenoxymethylpenicillin
B.) Methicillin
C.) Oxacillin
D.) Ampicillin
E.) Cloxacillin
Methicillin
The subtype of the CYP 450 enzyme system responsible for genetic polymorphism
A.) CYP 1A2
B) CYP 2A9
C.) CYP 2D6
D.) CYP 1A9
E.)CYP 3A4
CYP 2D6
The spectrum of activity of penicillin is governed by what functional group?
A.) Beta lactam ring
B.) Carbonyl group
C.) Acyl amine group
D.) Carboxylic acid group
E.) Thiazolidine ring
Acyl amine group
The functional group attached to the acyl amino group is called a/an
A.) Benzyl
B.) Isoxazoyl
C.) Phenoxymethyl
D.) Phenyl
E.) Methoxyphenyl
Isoxazoyl
What is the role of chloride atoms in the structure?
A.) Increase the susceptibility to penicillinase
B.) Increase the plasma concentration
C.) Increase in parenteral absorption
D.) Acid resistance property
E.) Increase spectrum of activity
Increase the plasma concentration
Halogen substituents are best placed in what position?
A.) Ortho
B.) Meta
C.) Para
D.) All of the above
E.) None of the above
Ortho
Adding more than 1 chloride atom in the structure confers what modification on the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug?
A.) Liberation
B.) Absorption
C.) Excretion
D.) Distribution
E.) Metabolism
Distribution
This antibiotic is primarily indicated for what type of infection?
A.) Enterobacter
B.) Streptococci
C.) Pseudomonas
D.) Klebaiella
E.) Staphylococci
Staphylococci
Functional group of the beta - lactam ring
A.) Ether
B.) Ketone
C.) Amide
D.) Amine
E.) Carbonyl
Amide
This compound is insoluble in what medium?
A.) Water
B.) Alcohol
C.) Ether
D.) Carbon tetrachloride
E.) Benzene
Water
Refer to the structure of a phenol derivative compound
This compound is active against _______ organism
A.) Gram positive
B.) Acid fast
C.) Aerobic
D.) Facultative anaerobe
E.) Gram negative
Gram positive
This compound has a greater potency of action due to the presence of what group?
A.) Alkyl
B.) Halogen
C.) Phenolic
D.) Biphenyl
E.) Hydroxyl
Phenolic
This preparation is to be delivered in what route?
A.) Intramuscular
B.) Intradermal
C.) Topical
D.) Subcutaneous
E.) Intravenous
Topical
The compound is commonly known as
A.) Hexetidine
B.) Hexachlorophene
C.) Chlorocresol
D.) Chlorhexidine
E.) Chlorophenol
Hexachlorophene
Second generation cephalosporin that can cross the blood brain barrier
A.) Cefamandole
B.) Cefprozil
C.) Cefuroxime
D.) Cefaclor
E.) Loracarbef
Cefuroxime
Compounds that will kill or inhibit the growth of, in a living tissue
A.) Disinfectant
B.) Antibiotic
C.) Antiseptic
D.) Preservativs
E.) Sterilant
Antiseptic
It is the characteristics of a substance that gives its ability to spread into wounds.
A.) High viscosity
B.) Low zeta potential
C.) High partition coefficient
D.) Low surface tension
E.) High pH
Low surface tension
Tigemonam is primarily administered in what route?
A.) IV
B.) Subq
C.) Topical
D.) IM
E.) PO
PO
Redman syndrome is seen in
A.) Telavancin
B.) Chloramphenicol
C.) Imipenem
D.) Teicoplanin
E.) Vancomycin
Vancomycin
Preservative in BCG Vaccine
A.) Nitromersol
B.) Thimerosal
C.) Benzalkonium chloride
D.) Methylparaben
E.) Sodium benzoate
Thimerosal
Metabolism of alcohol is a series of
A.) Reduction
B.) Methyl transfer
C.) Glycine conjugation
D.) GSH conjugation
E.) Oxidation
Oxidation
Dye used to treat the inflammation of the bladder
A.) Methylene blue
B.) Malachite green
C.) Gentian violet
D.) Carbolfuchsin
E.) Bromocresol
Methylene blue
Cephalosporin
Which moiety in the structure binds to the PBP?
A.) Amide group
B.) Carboxy group
C.) Dihydrothiazine group
D.) Carbonyl group
E.) Acyl amino
Amide group
Cephalosporin
The R3 substituent confers the following properties, except
A.) Salt form
B.) Drug interaction
C.) Protein binding
D.) Chemical stability
E.) Pharmacological property
Pharmacological property
Cephalosporin
The R7 substituent is importantin _______
A.) Spectrum of activity
B.) Classification of generation
C.) Synthesis of a newer version
D.) All of these
E.) None of these
All of these
Cephalosporin
Substitution of a bulky group in the X substituent confers
A.) Acid labile property
B.) Increase in metabolism
C.) Decrease in GFR
D.) Increase in gram negative activity
E.) Decrease in protein binding
Increase in gram negative activity
Aztreonam can elevate this enzyme
A.) Creatinine kinase
B.) Alanine aminotransferase
C.) Beta amylase
D.) Angiotensin I
E.) Pyruvate kinase
Alanine aminotransferase
This group attached to the naphthalene group of nafcillin confers beta lactamase resistance
A.) Dichlorobenzene
B.) Ethoxy
C.) Benzyl
D.) Isoxazoyl
E.) Phenyl
Ethoxy
Acylation of the amino group in the second ring of aminoglycosides produces ______
A.) Kanamycin
B.) Streptomycin
C.) Neomycin
D.) Gentamicin
E.) Amikacin
Amikacin
This is the target site of HIV
A.) CD8
B.) CCR5
C.) CD4
D.) CD32
E.) CD28
CD4
Antitubercular drug that is in combination with pyridoxine
A.) Isoniazid
B.) Ethambutol
C.) Rifampicin
D.) Pyrazinamide
E.) Streptomycin
Isoniazid
The chances of methemoglobinemia and haemolytic anemia are higher when administering :
I. Acetaminophen
II. Phenacetin
III. Acetanilide
A.) I only
B.) I and II only
C.) II and III only
D.) I, II and III
E.) III only
II and III only
This agent is the least active among all fluoroquinolones
A.) Norfloxacin
B.) Levofloxacin
C.) Ofloxacin
D.) Ciprofloxacin
E.) Gatifloxacin
Norfloxacin
Inhibits the enzyme which is responsible for the assembly of matured viral particles
A.) Didanosine
B.) Zidovudine
C.) Indinavir
D.) Abacavir
E.) Lamivudine
Indinavir
This antifungal drug is derived from Ricinus communis
A.) Undecylenic acid
B.) Ricinoleic acid
C.) Salicylic acid
D.) Ricin
E.) Propionic acid
Undecylenic acid
Which of the following is unstable in acidic condition?
A.) Ampicillin
B.) Methicillin
C.) Phenoxymethylpenicillin
D.) Nafcillin
E.) Carbenicillin
Carbenicillin
Carbamazepine undergoes what metabolic pathway?
A.) Aromatic hydroxylation
B.) Olefinic oxidation
C.) Reductive elimination
D.) Oxidative N-dealkylation
E.) Desulfuration
Olefinic oxidation
To Prepare beta-lactamase resistant penicillin, one should use
A.) The aromatic ring that is directly attached to the side-chain carbonyl and both ortho positions should be substituted by methoxy groups.
B.) The aromatic ring that is directly attached to the side - chain carbonyl and ortho and para positions should be substituted by methoxy groups.
C.) The aromatic ring that is directly attached to the side - chain carbonyl and meta and para positions should be substituted by methoxy groups.
D.) A methylene between the aromatic ring and carbonyl group of side chain
E.) None of the above
The aromatic ring that is directly attached to the side-chain carbonyl and both ortho positions should be substituted by methoxy groups
Triethylenephosphoramide is an active metabolite of
A.) Procarbazine
B.) Camustine
C.) Thiotepa
D.) Ifosfamide
E.) None of the above
Thiotepa
Which of the following preparations contains 2% iodine in sodium iodide?
A.) Iodine solution
B.) Lugol’s solution
C.) Povidone-iodine
D.) Iodine tincture
E.) None of the above
Iodine solution
Which of the following belongs to the class of echinocandins?
A.) Caspofungin
B.) Griseofulvin
C.) Naftiline
D.) Ampothericin B
E.) Nystatin
Caspofungin
Concentration of dehydrated alcohol
A.) 95%
B.) 49%
C.) 99%
D.) 70%
E.) 10%
99%
An acy ureidopenicillin
A.) Piperacillin
B.) Carbenicillin
C.) Methicillin
D.) Ticarcillin
E.) Cloxacillin
Piperacillin
Chemically known as 5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazoyl penicillin
A.) Nafcillin
B.) Ticarcillin
C.) Oxacillin
D.) Methicillin
E.) Mezlocillin
Oxacillin
Synthesis of Orange II Dihydrate is possible via
A.) Freidel-Crafts Acylation
B.) Diazotization
C.) Elimination
D.) Electrophilic aromatic substitution
E.) Nucleophilic addition
Diazotization
