Module 1: Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic
- The functional group attached to the acyl amino group is called a/an:
A.) Phenoxyethyl
B.) Isoxazoyl
C.) Imidazole
D.) Benzyl
E.) Methoxypheny
Isoxazoyl
Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic
- Halogen substituents are best placed in what position?
A.) 1,2-substitution
B.) 1,3-substitution
C.) 1,4-substitution
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both A and C
1,2-substitution
Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic
- This antibiotic is primarily indicated for what type of infection?
A.) Klebsiella
B.) Enterobacter
C.) Pseudomonas
D.) Staphylococci
E.) Streptococci
Staphylococci
Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic
- Adding more than 1 chloride atoms in the structure confers what modification on the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug?
A.) Liberation
B.) Absorption
C.) Distribution
D.) Metabolism
E.) Excretion
Distribution
Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic
- What is the role of chloride atoms in the structure?
A.) Increase the susceptibility to penicillinase
B.) Increasing the plasma concentration
C.) Acid resistance property
D.) Increase in parenteral absorption
E.) Increase in oral absorption
Increasing the plasma concentration
- Preservatives like parabens increase their preservative property by
A.) Reducing the parent compound
B.) Decreasing molecular weight
C.) Attaching a halogen to the parent compound
D.) Substituting the parent compound with a lipophilic group
E.) Increasing the molecular weight
Increasing the molecular weight
- Sodium pump is an example of
A.) enzyme-linked tyrosine kinase receptor
B.) G-protein coupled receptor
C.) Ion- channel
D.) Gene transcription-linked receptor
E.) None of the above
Ion- channel
- This is an approach in drug discovery wherein there is already an existing drug that can be used to identify a new lead compound?
A.) Random Screening
B.) Molecular Docking
C.) Parent compound modification
D.) Biotechnology techniques
E.) Rational Drug Design
Random Screening
- Azeotropic distillation of benzene is done in what concentration of ethanol?
A.) 95%
B.) 70%
C.) 50%
D.) 99%
E.) 10%
99%
- Radical reactions may also proceed using this reagent
A.) Bromine water
B.) Hydrogen peroxide
C.) Nitric acid
D.) Sodium oxalate
E.) Potassium bitartrate
Hydrogen peroxide
For numbers 11-14, refer to the series of the reaction
- What is the reagent needed for the first reaction?
A.) NaOH/ Oxidizing agent
B.) CH3 Cl/AlCl3
C.) HNO3/H2SO4
D.) NaOH/ Reducing agent
E.) CH3Br/NaNH2
CH3Cl/AlCl3
For numbers 11-14, refer to the series of the reaction
- The product formed with the reaction is
A.) Benzyl alcohol
B.) Phenol
C.) Benzoic acid
D.) Xylene
E.) Anisole
Benzoic acid
For numbers 11-14, refer to the series of the reaction
The reagent needed for the reaction to proceed is
A.) CH3Br/NaNH2
B.) NaOH/Reducing agent
C.) CH3COCl/AlCl3
D.) HNO3/H2SO4
E.) NaOH/ Oxidizing agent
HNO3/H2SO4
For numbers 11-14, refer to the series of the reaction
- The reagent needed for the reaction to proceed is
A) NaOH/Oxidizing agent
B) CH3Br/NaNH2/NO2
C) H2O/H2SO4
D) NaOH/Reducing agent
E) NBS
NaOH/Reducing agent
- When a carbonyl group reacts with a secondary amine, what will be the resulting product?
A.) Imine
B.) Amide
C.) Tertiary amine
D.) Enamine
E.) Secondary amine
Enamine
- The addition of hydrogen molecule to an alkene is catalyzed by what metal?
A.) Silver
B.) Palladium
C.) Berrylium
D.) Gallium
E.) Osmium
Palladium
- Methoxybenzene is also known as _____
A.) Anisole
B.) Toluene
C.) Aniline
D.) Xylene
E.) Anethole
Anisole
- Which of the following compounds can be use to synthesize primary alcohol?
A.) Propane
B.) Formaldehyde
C.) 3-chloropentane
D.) Acetone
E.) Ethanamine
Propane
- Which of the following cephalosporin is excreted in bile?
A.) Cefixime
B.) Cefotaxime
C.) Ceftriaxone
D.) Moxalactam
E.) Loracarbef
Ceftriaxone
- Preservatives use for molds
A.) Ethylparaben
B.) Methylparaben
C.) Butylparaben
D.) Propylparaben
E.) Isopropylparaben
Methylparaben
- Which is true about drug absorption?
I. For weakly acidic drug, it must e in its unionized form
II. For weakly acidic drug, it must be in its ionized form
III. For weakly basic drug, it must be in its unionized form
IV. For weakly basic drug, it must be in its ionized form
A.) I, II, III
B.) I and III
C.) II and IV
D.) III and IV
E.) I and III
I and III
Refer to the general structure of penicillin
- This anti-convulsant compound is susceptible to what metabolic pathway?
A.) Aromatic hydroxylation
B.) Methylation
C.) Sulfate conjugation
D.) Oxidative deamination
E.) GSH conjugation
Aromatic hydroxylation
For numbers 24-26, refer to the general structure of penicillin
- Which of the following will confer resistance against beta lactamases when synthesizing analogs of penicillin?
A.) Halogens
B.) Ring deactivators
C.) Electron withdrawing group
D.) Bulky group
E.) Ring activators
Bulky group
For numbers 24-26, refer to the general structure of penicillin
- What functional group is being modified if formulation into a salt is needed?
A.) Amide
B.) Carboxylic acid
C.) Carbonyl
D.) Alkyl
E.) 225g
Carbonyl
For numbers 24-26, refer to the general structure of penicillin
- What is the functional group attached to the beta lactam ring?
A.) Aryl amide
B.) Acyl amide
C.) Polyamide
D.) Carboxyamide
E.) Phenylamide
Aryl amide
- Which of the following is true on ideal antiseptic?
I. Low toxicity
II. Sustained and rapid lethal action against microorganisms
III. High surface tension
IV. Non-irritating and non-allergenic
A.) I, II, IV
B.) III only
C.) I, II, III, IV
D.) II and III
E.) III and IV
I, II, IV
- Aztreonam can elevate this enzyme
A.) Creatinine kinase
B.) Pyruvate kinase
C.) Alanine aminotransferase
D.) Creatinine phosphokinase
E.) Thrombin
Alanine aminotransferase
For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent
- The functional group in the box is an additional chemical entity of this drug that makes it a prodrug, what is the probable reason of adding that moiety to the parent compound?
A.) Increase in absorption
B.) Increase in palatability
C.) Decrease in Protein binding
D.) Increase in solubility
E.) Decrease in absorption
Increase in palatability
For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent
- The main functional group of this prodrug is a/an
A.) Amide
B.) Nitro
C.) Alcohol
D.) Ester
E.) Acyl halide
Ester
For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent
- When the drug will undergo metabolism, which of the following enzymes will act on it?
A.) Ligases
B.) Hydrolases
C.) Transferases
D.) Isomerases
E.) Lyases
Hydrolases
For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent
- When the drug is acted upon by different enzymes during its metabolism, what is/are the products?
A.) Alcohol
B.) Amide
C.) Carboxylic acid
D.) A and B
E.) B and C
Amide
For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent
- This drug is an example of
A.) Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
B.) Cell membrane disruptor
C.) Protein synthesis inhibitor
D.) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor
E.) Alkylating agent
Protein synthesis inhibitor
- The compound use to identify the partition coefficient in-vitro
A.) Tert-butyl alcohol
B.) Phenol
C.) Isopentyl alcohol
D.) N-octanol
E.) Benzyl alcohol
N-octanol
- Isoniazid is metabolized by humans principally by
A.) Acetylation
B.) Deamination
C.) Methylation
D.) Conjugation
E.) Oxidation
Deamination
- The total affinity of the ligand to its receptor
A.) Intrinsic activity
B.) Agonistic activity
C.) Avidity
D.) Antagonistic activity
E.) Agonistic affinity
Avidity
- Dimethylbenzene is also known as
A.) Anisole
B.) Aniline
C.) Xylene
D.) Phenol
E.) Ethylene
Xylene
For numbers 38-41, refer to the structure below
- The type of bond that exists in the structure
A.) Amide bond
B.) Ether bond
C.) Tert-amine bond
D.) Ester bond
E.) Glycosidic bond
Amide bond
For numbers 38-41, refer to the structure below
- This compound may produce the following effects, except
A.) Vasoconstriction
B.) Bradycardia
C.) Metallic taste
D.) CNS depression
E.) Sodium channel blockage
Vasoconstriction
For numbers 38-41, refer to the structure below
- The compound is an example of what class of drugs?
A.) Anesthetic
B.) Barbiturate
C.) Sedatives
D.) Analgesic
E.) Anxiolytics
Anesthetic
For numbers 38-41, refer to the structure below
- The absorption of this compound is governed by what equation?
A.) Noyes-Whitney equation
B.) Fick’s Law of Diffusion
C.) Beer’’s Law
D.) Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
E.) None of the above
Henderson-Hasselbach equation
- This compound is derived from the destructive distillation of castor oil and it is use as a keratolytic agent
A.) Salicylic acid
B.) Undecylanic acid
C.) Benzoic acid
D.) Chrysarobin
E.) Propionic acid
Undecylanic acid
- The following are example of G protein coupled receptors, except
A.) GABA receptors
B.) Beta-2 receptors
C.) Muscarinic receptors
D.) Alpha -1 receptors
E.) Beta -1 receptors
GABA receptors
- DNA Alkylating agent binds to its target by means of what bond?
A.) Hydrogen bonding
B.) Electrostatic bonding
C.) Hydrophobic bonding
D.) Ionic bonding
E.) Covalent bonding
Covalent bonding
- In the presence of a full agonist, a partial agonist becomes
A.) Agonist
B.) Antagonist
C.) Partial agonist
D.) Inverse agonist
E.) No effect
Antagonist
- A long-acting HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
A.) Rosuvastatin
B.) Lovastatin
C.) Fluvastatin
D.) Simvastatin
E.) Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin
- This is the most important CYP 450 isozyme that is responsible for the metabolism of almost 50% of the drugs available in the market
A.) CYP 2D6
B.) CYP 3A4
C.) CYP 2A9
D.) CYP 1A2
E.) CYP 2D10
CYP 3A4
- A theory that advances the idea that maximum pharmacologic effect can be obtained if all the receptors are occupied
A.) Hypothesis of Paton
B.) Lock and Key Theory
C.) Hypothesis of Clark
D.) Induced fit theory
E.) Hypothesis of Ariens & Stephenson
Hypothesis of Paton
- The anti-angina effect of nitrates is primarily due to the release of what gas?
A.) Nitrous oxide
B.) Dinitrogen oxide
C.) Nitrogen dioxide
D.) Nitric oxide
E.) Dinitrogen dioxide
Nitric oxide
- Diuretic that acts on the distal convulated tubule
A.) Indapamide
B.) Furosemide
C.) Ethacrinic acid
D.) Acetazolamide
E.) Spironolactone
Indapamide
- What is 1,4- dihydroxybenzene?
A.) Catechol
B.) Phenol
C.) Xylene
D.) Hydroquinone
E.) Resorcinol
Hydroquinone
- Halogenation of alkanes is possible in what type of reaction?
A.) Substitution
B.) Elimination
C.) Radical reactions
D.) Addition
E.) Combustion
Radical reactions
- Alkylation of aminobenzene will likely proceed to what position?
A.) Ortho position
B.) Meta position
C.) Para position
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both A and C
Both A and C
- This is a derivative of two carboxylic acids, in which the compound is formed by the removal of one molecule of water in two RCOOH
A.) Ether
B.) Acid anhydride
C.) Amide
D.) Acyl halide
E.) Ester
Acid anhydride
For numbers 55-58, Refer to the structure of Bricanyl®
- The drug is a derivative of
A.) Catechol
B.) Phenol
C.) Xylene
D.) Hydroquinone
E.) Resorcinol
Resorcinol
For numbers 55-58, Refer to the structure of Bricanyl®
- The compound is not affected by which enzyme during its metabolism?
A.) COMT
B.) MAO
C.) Carboxylases
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both A and C
COMT
For numbers 55-58, Refer to the structure of Bricanyl®
- The compound is a selective agonist of what receptor?
A.) Alpha 1
B.) M1
C.) Beta 1
D.) Beta 2
E.) N1
Beta 2
For numbers 55-58, Refer to the structure of Bricanyl®
- The compound is used to manage
A.) Hypertension
B.) Asthma
C.) Glaucoma
D.) Arrhythmia
E.) Hypotension
Asthma
- Benzene undergoes what type of reaction?
A.) Nucleophilic substitution
B.) Electrophilic addition
C.) Electrophilic substitution
D.) Radical reactions
E.) Nucleophilic addition
Electrophilic substitution
- Which of the following carbocation intermediate is the most stable?
A.) Primary
B.) Secondary
C.) Tertiary
D.) Quarternary
E.) None of the above
Tertiary
- Regioselectivity of an organic reaction in which the orientation of the substituents stabilizes the product is governed by
A.) Le Chatelier’s Principle
B.) Markovnikov’s Rule
C.) Heck Reaction
D.) Hund’s Rule
E.) Pauli’s Principle
Markovnikov’s Rule
- An enol is not a stable compound because it undergoes
A.) Electrophilic attack
B.) Hydrophobic attack
C.) Hydrophilic attack
D.) Hydrogen shift
E.) Tautomerization
Tautomerization
For numbers 63-66, refer to the structure of an anxiolytic drug
- The affinity of the drug to the ______ receptor exerts an anxiolytic and hypnotic effects
A.) Glutamate
B.) Histamine
C.) Gamma-aminobutyric acid
D.) Glycine
E.) Dopamine
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
For numbers 63-66, refer to the structure of an anxiolytic drug
- The binding affinity of the compound to its receptor is highly influenced by_______ in its structure
A.) Benzene ring
B.) Chloro substituted benzene ring
C.) Carbonyl moiety
D.) Imidazole ring
E.) Seven membered heterocyclic nitrogen ring
Chloro substituted benzene ring
For numbers 63-66, refer to the structure of an anxiolytic drug
- Increase the concentration of _______ ions in the cell makes this drug a sedative - hypnotic.
A.) Calcium
B.) Chloride
C.) Phosphate
D.) Potassium
E.) Sodium
Chloride
For numbers 63-66, refer to the structure of an anxiolytic drug
- An essential moiety for this compound to exert its sedative hypnotic effect
A.) Benzene ring
B.) Chloro substituted benzene ring
C.) Carbonyl moiety
D.) Imidazole ring
E.) Seven membered heterocyclic nitrogen ring
Seven membered heterocyclic nitrogen ring
- The acetylation of morphine yields
A.) Codeine
B.) Papaverine
C.) Noscapine
D.) Heroin
E.) Thebaine
Heroin
- Primidone is a prodrug that is converted into
A.) Entacapone
B.) Diazepam
C.) Phenobarbital
D.) Carbamazepine
E.) Aminophylline
Phenobarbital
- The structure of Zovirax is an analog of
A.)Thymine
B.) Adenine
C.) Guanosine
D.) Uracil
E.) Cytosine
Guanosine
- What is the difference of the structure of Zovirax to the conventional Nucleic acid base?
A.) It contains a ribose moiety
B.) It contains a deoxyribose moiety
C.) It contains an open sugar moiety
D.) There is a substituted amino group
E.) The hydroxyl group is not attached in the oxygen atom
It contains an open sugar moiety
- The structure of Zovirax® competitively inhibits what enzyme?
A.) DNA polymerase
B.) Reverse transcriptase
C.) Ligase
D.) RNA polymerase
E.) Protease
DNA polymerase
- Zovirax® is effective against the strain of
A.) Varicella
B.) HSV
C.) Vesicular Slomatitis Virus
D.) All of the above
E.) None of the above
All of the above
- In phenols, substitution at _______ position increases bactericidal activity
A.) Ortho
B.) Meta
C.) Para
D.) All of the above
E.) None of the above
Para
- C3H6O can be a/an
A.) Ketone
B.) Ether
C.) Aldehyde
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both A and C
Both A and B
- Zero order drug metabolism
A.) Saturated Kinetics
B.) Rate of metabolism is in constant concentration
C.) Rate of metabolism is not over time due to the presence of enzymes
D.) Dose dependent
E.) Constant fraction of the drug is metabolize
Saturated Kinetics
- Carbamazepine undergoes what Phase I metabolism reaction?
A.) Aromatic hydroxylation
B.) Olefinic carbon oxidation
C.) Oxidative deamination
D.) Allylic carbon oxidation
E.) Reduction of the - OH group
Olefinic carbon oxidation
- Thiopental is being converted into pentobarbital upon metabolism by what pathway?
A.) Oxidation
B.) Desulfuration
C.) Dealkylation
D.) Reduction
E.) Direct amine conjugation
Desulfuration
- Which of the following is true about penciclovir?
A.) The structure is similar to acyclovir, except with the side of oxygen which is replaced by a carbon and a hydroxyl group
B.) Short half life in tissues compared to acyclovir
C.) Competes for the viral RNA Polymerase and inhibits its synthesis
D.) It acts as a chain terminator
E.) All of the above
The structure is similar to acyclovir except with the side of oxygen which is replaced by a carbon and a hydroxyl group
- The first type of drugs for HIV to be available
A.) NNRTI
B.) NRTI
C.) Entry inhibitors
D.) Protease inhibitors
E.) Integrase inhibitors
NRTI
- Which of the following HIV drugs is also used for Hepatitis B infection?
A.) Azidothymidine
B.) Saquinavir
C.) Didanosine
D.) Lamivudine
E.) Efavirenz
Lamivudine
- Metabolic disorder is commonly seen in what type of HIV drugs?
A.) Integrase inhibitors
B.) Protease inhibitors
C.) NNRTI
D.) NRTI
E.) Entry inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
- Acylation of the Ring II of aminoglycosides produces ______
A.) Amikacin
B.) Streptomycin
C.) Tobramycin
D.) Gentamicin
E.) Kanamycin
Amikacin
- Coordination of what metal in tetracycline structure increases its activity?
A.) Iron
B.) Manganese
C.) Cobalt
D.) Palladium
E.) Nickel
Palladium
Glycopeptides exert their mechanism of action via
A.) Inhibition of 30s ribosomal subunit
B.) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
C.) Inhibition of 50s ribosomal subunit
D.) Inhibition of DNA gyrase
E.) Inhibition of cell membrane synthesis
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
- Which if the following cephalosporins can cross the blood brain barrier?
A.) Cefprozil
B.) Cefuroxime
C.) Cefalexin
D.) Cefmetazole
E.) Cefazolin
Cefuroxime
- This agent is used to chelate copper in which an excess amount causes Wilson’s disease
A.) EDTA
B.) Dimercaprol
C. Penicillamine
D.) BAL
E.) Deferoxamine
Penicillamine
- This class of penicillin contains a benzyl moiety that is responsible for its acid labile property
A.) Penicillin V
B.) Oxacillin
C.) Piperacillin
D.) Methicillin
E.) Penicillin G
Penicillin G
- In the Freidles Craft Alkylation of Aromatic rings, what catalyst is needed for the reaction to proceed?
A.) Lewis acid
B.) Bronsted acid
C.) Lewis base
D.) Arrhenius base
E.) Bronsted base
Lewis acid
- Sulfonamides are synthetic analogs of:
A.) Gamma aminobutyric acid
B.) Para amino benzoic acid
C.) Tricarboxylic acid
D.) Sulfonic acid
E.) Carbolic acid
Para amino benzoic acid
Compounds with two or more chiral centers are termed as
A.) Epimers
B.) Enantiomers
C.) Stereoisomers
D.) Diastereomers
E.) Constitutiona Isomers
Diastereomers
For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below
- This drug may likely bind to what protein?
A.) Albumin
B.) Alpha glycoprotein
C.) Ubuquitin
D.) Globulin
E. Bilirubin
Albumin
For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below
- What is the IUPAC name of the drug?
A.) Octanoic acid
B.) 2-propylpentanoic acid
C.) 4-propylpentanoic acid
D.) 1-butylbutanoic acid
E.) 2-methylheptanoic acid
2-propylpentanoic acid
For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below
- This drug may likely affects what neurotransmitter?
A.) GABA
B.) Dopamine
C.) Glutamate
D.) Norepinephrine
E.) Serotonin
GABA
For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below
- This drug affects what type of ion gated channel?
A.) Sodium
B.) Potassium
C.) Calcium
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both A and C
Sodium
For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below
- This drug is a powerful _____
A.) Antibiotic
B.) Skeletal muscle relaxant
C.) Antidepressant
D.) Anticonvulsant
E.) Antipsychotic
Anticonvulsant
- Insulin Receptors are classified as _______
A.) Ion gated channel receptors
B.) Tyrosine kinase receptors
C.) G- protein coupled receptors
D.) Gene transcription linked receptor
E.) Nuclear receptor
Tyrosine kinase receptors
The efficacy of salicylic acid as well as its solubility in water as compared to p-hydroxybenzoic acid is greatly affected by what phenomenon?
A.) Dipole movement
B.) Common ion effect
C.) Hydrophobic interactions
D.) Hydrogen bonding
E.) Electrostatic forces
Hydrogen bonding
The inhibition of the CYP 450 dependent lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase is the main mechanism of action of?
A.) Ketoconazole
B.) Amphotericin B
C.) Azelaic acid
D.) Griseofulvin
E.) Nystatin
Ketoconazole
Alkylation of aminobenzene will likely proceed to what position?
A.) Ortho only
B.) Ortho and Meta
C.) Meta and Para
D.) Para only
E.) Ortho and Para
Ortho and Para
An aliphatic phenothiazine derivative
A.) Chlorpromazine
B.) Thiorizadine
C.) Fluphenazine
D.) Perphenazine
E.) Clozapine
Chlorpromazine
Decarboxylation of L- Dihydroxyphenylalanine produces
A.) Tyrosine
B.) Epinephrine
C.) Ephedrine
D.) Dopamine
E.) Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Drugs with superior lipid solubility usually possess what moiety?
A.) Oxygen
B.) Nitrogen
C.) Chlorine
D.) Sulfur
E.) Fluorine
Sulfur
For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below
The compound that reacts to salicylic acid to make aspirin is an example of a/an______
A.) Alcohol
B.) Ketone
C. Ether
D.) Acid anhydride
E.) Ester
Acid anhydride
For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below
The major product (Aspirin) is prone to hydrolysis, which of the following is/are the product/s of its hydrolysis
A.) Carboxylic acid
B.) Alcohol
C.) Ester
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both A and C
Both A and B
For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below
When aspirin has been hydrolyzed, one of its products produces a keratolytic property, what is that product?
A.) Salicylic acid
B.) Undecylenic acid
C.) Ester
D.) Methyl salicylate
E.) Alcohol
Salicylic acid
For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below
What is the functional group of the major product has been formed?
A.) Ether
B.) Alcohol
C.) Phenolic
D.) Carboxylic acid
E.) Ester
Ester
For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below
What is the color of the product when aspirin is treated with Ferric Chloride?
A.) Blue
B.) Violet
C.) Yellow
D.) Red
E.) Colorless
Yellow
Which of the following compounds can be used to synthesize secondary alcohols?
A.) Formaldehyde
B.) Ethanoic acid
C.) Propanone
D.) Ethyl ethanoate
E.) Tert-butylbromide
Propanone
The following drugs undergo acetylation reaction upon metabolism except
A.) Hydralazine
B.) Ethanol
C.) Isoniazid
D.) Procainamide
E.) Sulfanilamide
Ethanol
Mercury exhibits is antimicrobial action by
A.) Hydrolysis and protein denaturation
B.) Oxidation of sulfhydryl group
C.) Disruption of cytoplasmic membrane
D.) Inhibition of protein synthesis
E.) Protein denaturation inactivation of the bacterial enzyme
Protein denaturation inactivation of the bacterial enzyme
Which of the following antibiotics is derived from Streptomyces orientalis?
A.) Nystatin
B.) Bacitracin
C.) Vancomycin
D.) Amphotericin B
E.) Amikacin
Vancomycin
Diuretic that acts on the thick ascending limb (TAL)
A.) Indapamide
B.) Furosemide
C.) Acetazolamide
D.) Amiloride
E.) Mannitol
Furosemide
This is a butyrophenone derived antipsychotic agent that is frequently used for Tourette’s syndrome
A.) Clozaril
B.) Haldol
C.) Thorazine
D.) Daxolin
E.) Zoloft
Haldol
This compound is the basis of the synthesis of thiazide diuretics by treating with acylating agents
A.) Acetazolamide
B.) Dichlorphenamide
C.) Chloraminophenamide
D.) Methazolamide
E.) Indapamide
Chloraminophenamide
A non-prodrug ACE inhibitor
A.) Quinapril
B.) Captopril
C.) Fosinopril
D.) Enalapril
E.) Imidapril
Captopril
Compound such as Azithromycin possess the following characteristics, except
A.) Large lactone ring
B.) Ketone Group
C.) Ether group
D.) Alkyl group
E.) Glycosidically linked sugar
Ketone group
For numbers 116-119, Refer to the structure of Azithromycin
This class of antibiotic exerts its action by ________
A.) Binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit of bacteria
B.) Inhibition of cell wall cross linking
C.) Inhibition of bacterial transpeptidation
D.) Binding to the 30s ribosomal subunit of bacteria
E.) Inhibition of Nucleic acid synthesis
Binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit of bacteria
For numbers 116-119, Refer to the structure of Azithromycin
The preparation of Azithromycin is done by ______ of its analog.
A.) Acetylation
B.) Oxidation
C.) N-methylation
D.) Reduction
E.) Cross linking
N-methylation
For numbers 116-119, Refer to the structure of Azithromycin
The presence of a tertiary amine group in the compounds provides the following characteristics of
A.) Superior lipid solubility
B.) Increasing in plasma concentration
C.) Acid - labile property
D.) Stability to acid - catalyzed degradation
E.) Decreasing in plasma concentration
Acid - labile property
Theophylline is also known as ____
A.) 5,7- Dimethylxanthine
B.) 1,7- Dimethylxanthine
C.) 3,7- Dimethylxanthine
D.) 1,3- Dimethylxanthine
E.) 2,7- Dimethylxanthine
1,3- Dimethylxanthine
