Module 1 (Identification) Flashcards
The Father of History
Herodotus
The author of History of Peloponnesian War
Thucydides
The Peloponnesian League was led by ____
the Spartans
In the Peloponnesian War, this league was led by the Athens
Delian League
inquiry, knowledge by investigation
Historia
An international historian and a philosopher of history; quoted “When we attempt to answer the question ‘What is history?’, our answer, consciously or unconsciously, reflects our own position in time and forms part of our answer to the broader question what view we take of the society in which we live,”
Edward Hallett Carr
According to Carr, this is the definition of historical facts that refers to as a commonsense view, and sometimes rely on the interpretation from the auxiliary sciences of History
The backbone of History
According to Carr, this is the definition of historical facts where the historian, necessarily becomes selective of his gathered facts
A historian’s priori decision
Two definitions of Historical Facts according to Carr
1) The backbone of History
2) A historian’s priori decision
According to Carr, these are the points to ponder on when critiquing historical facts
- Study the historian before you begin to study the facts
- Have an imaginative mind, to understand the minds of the people with whom he is dealing
- Possible to study History through the limelight of the present
It is a continuous process between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past. (Carr)
History
An expert who studies and writes about the past.
Historian
The methodical analysis of the sources (historical criticism) and synthesis of the materials being interpreted.
Historical method
A diagnostic device or cross-examination to test the reliability and credibility of a piece of evidence
Historical criticism
Checks the reliability or veracity (correctness) of the source or evidence by evaluating its author’s background, the title of the evidence, the date and place of publication, and so on
External/Lower criticism
Judges credibility or validity (trustworthiness) by attributing a moral value to the piece of evidence or source.
Internal criticism
The shifting, grouping, arrangement, generalization, and organization of the facts gathered to form a connected and related knowledge. As a standard form, these facts are presented in a logical, narrative form.
Synthesis (Reporting)
Consciously set themselves the task of writing from the Filipino point of view. Their work emphasized the role Filipinos played in their History, described the abuses perpetrated by the Spaniards, and presented Filipino responses to all colonizers with respect and admiration.
Filipino historians
True or False: History is considered a scientific research or inquiry
True
True or False: History is often said to be the “Queen” or “Mother” of all social sciences
True
True or False: History does not study man nor man in time and space.
False
True or False: History is a subjective record of happenings
False
True or False: History is not only narration but also analysis.
True
Our image of ourselves and our past was shaped mainly by the colonizers’ writings, disregarding the sufferings of their colonies.
True
Will help significantly eradicate our colonial mentality, the tendency to accept western ideas and products as inherently superior, and failure to pinpoint national interest apart from those of former colonizers.
People’s History
It implies a connection of interaction or relationship, being a part of something, or doing something together.
Kasaysayan
“Ang Pantayong Pananaw ay nasa panloob na pagkakaugnay-ugnay ng mga katangian, halagahin, kaalaman, karunungan, hangarin, kaugalian, pag-aasal, at karanasan ng isang kabuuang pangkalinangan – kabuuang nababalot sa, at ipinapahayag sa pamamagaitan ng isang wika, ibig sabihinm sa loob ng isang nagsasariling talastasan / diskursong pangkalinangan o pangkabihasnan”
Zeus Salazar
Written by the Filipinos in English
POV of Filipino writers
It meant to be read by foreigners to understand our History in our POV
Used to correct or argue against false accusations written by foreigners
Pankaming Pananaw
Written by foreigners in English
POV of the foreigners
Meant to be read by foreigners to understand our History (part/in relation) to their History
Pansilang Pananaw
Written by foreigners in English
POV of foreigners
What is produced when texts by foreigners about our History
Meant to be read by Filipinos
Pankayong Pananaw
Written by Filipinos in Filipino/katutubong salita
POV of Filipino writers
Meant to be read by Filipinos
Revolves around the use of Filipino concepts in order to explain other Filipino concepts
Pantayong Pananaw
“Philippine History is a people’s history. It is a recorded struggle of people for ever-increasing freedom and newer and realization of the human person (1975)”.
Renato Constantino
a recorded struggle of people for ever-increasing freedom and newer and realization of the human person
Philippine History
These are the necessary requisites of History.
1)continuity
2)coherence
A dialogue between the events of the past and progressively emerging future ends.
History
Book by Herodotus that is considered the founding work of history in Western literature
Histories
This book set a standard scope, concision, and accuracy that defines the text of the historical genre. It is about a historical account of the Peloponnesian War, a conflict between the Peloponnesian League and Delian League.
History of the Peloponnesian War
