Module 1: Heme: Intro slides 1-2 Flashcards
First lets start off with the basics of heme (probably wont get tested, but good to know): What do myeloid stem cells produce?
Myeloid Stem cells:
- Myeloblasts — basophils , eosinophils and neutrophils
- Immature Monocyte: Monocyte
- Megakaryocyte: Platelets (megokaryocyte breaks off into little pieces and hence how you get platelets)
- Pronormoblasts: Erythrocytes
What do lymphoid stem cells produce?
Lymphocytes which produce B and T cells
In regards to Pronormoblast, what is a sign of maturity?
Dissolving of the nucleus
Cytoplasm goes from basophilic to eosinophilic
At what point in the pronormoblast linage does the nucleus dissolve?
Polychromatic Erythrocyte —– Reticulocyte —– Erythrocyte
—at this point the cytoplasm is very pink due to proteins and eosinophilic
What is the morphology of a monocyte?
Kidney bean shaped
What is the morphology of neutrophil?
One of the granulocytes usually has 3-5 lobes (normally segmented)
—however if you see more than 5 lobes then this is hypersegmented
The precursor of a neutrophil is a band cell, explain the morphology of this and the importance of band cells?
Morphology: horseshoe nucleus
More band cells in peripheral blood then this is called a left shift (or bandemia) – happens with severe bacterial infections
(should not have any band cells in the blood, so if you do this means that for some reasons the band cells are getting out into the peripheral blood before they can make neutrophils)
What is the morphology of an eosinophil?
Bilobed and filled with granules
What is the morphology of a basophil?
Basophilic with purple granules
Slide 1b: shows a peripheral blood smear or blood film, what is the stain for a blood smear?
Giemsa Stain
Describe the morphology seen in slide 1b?
Top left: Band cell — horseshoe nucleus
Top right: Eosinophils (bilobed)
Below and to the left of the eosinophil: neutrophils (3 lobes seen)
Below and to the right of the eosinophil: basophilic (super granulated)
Middle of slide: lymphocyte (no granules and big nucleus)
Bottom left: Monocyte (kidney bean)
RBC should be the same size as the nucleus of a lymphocytes (called normal cidic), how do you tell if they are the same size?
measure the MCV (mean cell volume)
What does microcidic mean?
Low MCV: small red blood cells (nucleus of lymphocyte is much bigger)
What does macrocidic mean?
Higher MCV: large red blood cells (nucleus of red blood cell is much bigger)
In a normal peripheral blood smear the zone of central pallor is about 1/3rd the size of RBC. How do you measure this?
MCHC
if there is exaggerated normal pallor then the MCHC goes down and this is called hypochromic
(aka reduced hemoglobin in the cell so you see more of the biconcave disc) (pale RBC)