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Eligard Home Study > Module 1- Disease State > Flashcards

Module 1- Disease State Flashcards

1
Q

In 2018, there were an estimated __________ men living with prostate cancer in the United States?

A

3,245,430

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2
Q

In 2021, it was estimated that ________ men died from prostate cancer, representing ________% of all cancer deaths?

A

34,130, 5.6%

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3
Q

The rate of new cases of prostate cancer was ___ per 100,000 men per year based on 2014-2018 data.

A

19

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4
Q

The __________ prostate cancer is diagnosed, the better the chance a person has of surviving 5 years after being diagnosed?

A

earlier

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5
Q

The median age at diagnosis for men with prostate cancer is __?

A

66

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6
Q

Prostate cancer occurs most often in which race/ethnicity?

A

African American

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7
Q

The risk of developing prostate cancer is higher for men who ____ ____ ____ _____ ___ ____ ____.

A

Have severeal relatives affected by prostate cancer.

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8
Q

Mutations in genes such as _______, _________, and _________ have been linked to increased risk of prostate cancer.

A

BRCA1, BRCA2, HOXB13

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9
Q

Accounts for 70% of the prostate. This region also gives rise to 70% of prostate cancers.

A

Peripheral Zone

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10
Q

Surrounds the ejaculatory ducts and accounts for 25% of the prostate. About 1-5% of all prostate cancers develop here?

A

Central Zone

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11
Q

Accounts for approximately 5-10% of the prostate and is located near the urethra. This zone gives rise to up to 2% of all prostate cancers?

A

Transition Zone

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12
Q

The prostate is a sex accessory gland found only in _____?

A

Men

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13
Q

Where is the prostate located?

A

Below the bladder and in front of the rectum.

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14
Q

The prostate requires ________ called angrogens for normal development and growth?

A

Hormones

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15
Q

For androgens in the body, the ______ produce 90%, while the ____ produce 5-10%?

A

Testes/Adrenal Glands

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16
Q

Whom is the first doctor usually seen when a patient experiences symptoms such as trouble urinating?

A

PCP

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17
Q

Early stages of prostate cancer are typically _________.

A

Asymptomatic

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18
Q

Problems with urination are often associated with ____-________ conditions of the prostate, such as beign prostatic hyperplasia.

A

Non-Cancerous

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19
Q

Sometimes, physicans will calculate PSA to measure ______ __ _____ in PSA levels over time.

A

Rate- of- Change

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20
Q

In 2018 the USPSTF changed the rating on PSA screening to recommend that for men aged 55-69, screening be based on individualized decision making after __________ _____ ___ ________.

A

Discussion with a clinician.

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21
Q

When prostate cancer develops, the PSA level is usually greater than _____?

A

4 ng/ML

22
Q

A procedure in which small samples of the prostate are removed & examined under a microscope is called?

A

Prostate Biopsy

23
Q

5 Year Relative Survivial Rate

A

97.5%

24
Q

10 Year Relative Survival Rate

A

98%

25
Q

15 Year Relative Survival Rate

A

95%

26
Q

Men with first degree relatives have a risk level of _____?

A

21%

27
Q

PSA Velocity

A

Rate of Change Over Time

28
Q

DRE Purpose

A

Physician digitally goes in to detect lumps and bumps in back part of prostate gland. Doesn’t detect early cancers.

29
Q

What factors affect treatment options?

A

Age, health, life expectancy, severity of disease.

30
Q

Active Surveillance

A

When cancer isn’t aggressive and there are low chances of progression. PSA screening and DRE every 6 months, along w/ yearly biopsy.

31
Q

Major Side Effects of Radical Prostatectomy?

A

ED, Urinary Incontinence

32
Q

2 Treatment Options for Advanced Prostate Cancer

A

ADT (Androgen Deprivation Therapy), or Bilateral Ochiectomy

33
Q

Side Effects of Hormone Therapy?

A

Weight gain, developing breast tissue, low libido, ED, shrinking of testicles and penis, hot flashes and breast tenderness.

34
Q

MCSPC

A

Metastasized Castration Sensitive Prostate Cancer

35
Q

CRPC

A

Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer

36
Q

MCRPC

A

Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer

37
Q

If the Gleason Score is written as 4+3=7, what does the 4 represent?

A

The rating of the most predominant cancer cell in the tumor.

38
Q

Which of the following are imaging tests performed to determine is prostate cancer has spread?

A

CT Scan, Bone scan and MRI

39
Q

In the AJCC TNM staging system, what does the M represent?

A

Metastasized

40
Q

Watchful waiting is used for monitoring?

A

Disease progression of elderly prostate cancer patients whose co-morbities make other treatment options more dangerous.

41
Q

Surgery is a common treatment with the intention to cure prostate cancer when?

A

When the prostate cancer is localized to just the prostate gland.

42
Q

2 main types of _________ therapy used for prostate cancer are external beam radiation therapy and ________?

A

Raditation/brachytherapy

43
Q

The goal of ________ therapy is to reduce androgen levels in the body, or stop them from stimulating prostate cancer cells?

A

ADT (Androgen Deprivation Therapy)

44
Q

The side effects of chemotherapy depend on the _______ and the _______ of drugs given and how long they’re taken?

A

type/dose

45
Q

Which treatments are considered Androgen Receptor Inhibitors?

A

Enzaltamide, Apalutamide and Darolutadmide

46
Q

Which are treatments for Osteoporosis?

A

Bisphosphonates and Denosumab

47
Q

Which therapy is typically started for advanced prostate cancer and continues through end of life?

A

Hormonal therapy

48
Q

What is the major circulating androgen in the body (males)?

A

Testosterone

49
Q

Explain the HPG Axis

A

The hypothalumus stimulates the pituitary gland with GnRH causing the release of FSH and LH to the testes where is makes sperm and testosterone.

50
Q

What are the severities of prostate cancer?

A

1) Localized 2) Locally Advanced and 3) Advanced

Eligard Home Study (8 decks)

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