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A-Level Biology > Module 1 definitions > Flashcards

Module 1 definitions Flashcards

1
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate
Releases energy
Formed form molecule of ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups

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2
Q

Amino acid

A

Monomers contain an amino group (NH2) a carboxylic group (COOH) and a variable R group that make up proteins
Protein monomer

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3
Q

Benedicts test

A

Biochemical test used to test for reducing sugars that produces a different colour based on the amount of reducing sugar present
Brick red is positive
Must heat in a water bath

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4
Q

Biuret test

A

Test for peptide bonds
Test for proteins
Turns purple if present

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5
Q

Cellulose

A

Polysaccharide made of beta glucose that is used as a structural polysaccharide which provides strength to plant cell walls

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6
Q

Condensation reaction

A

Type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water

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7
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

Information storing molecule made of deoxyribonucleotide monomers joined together by phosphodiester bonds to form a double helix

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8
Q

Dipeptide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of 2 amino acids

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9
Q

Disaccharide

A

Molecule formed by the condensation of 2 monosaccharides

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10
Q

DNA helicase

A

Enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between 2 dna strands in the DNA molecule that is going to be replicated

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11
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Enzyme that catalysts the condensation reactions between the new nucleotides in the synthesis of the new DNA strand

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12
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst and increases the rate of biochemical reactions

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13
Q

Glycogen

A

Highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals

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14
Q

Glycosidic bond

A

Bond between 2 monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction

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15
Q

Heat capacity

A

Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

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16
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking a chemical bond between 2 molecules using a water molecule, requires a catalyst

17
Q

Induced fit model

A

Model of enzyme action that describes how enzymes undergo subtle conformational changes to better fit the molecule

18
Q

Iodine test

A

Biochemical test used to test fir the presence if starch

Will turn blue black if positive

19
Q

Lactose

A

Disaccharide formed by the condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule

20
Q

Latent heat

A

Amount of energy required for a substance to change state

21
Q

Lipid emulsion test

A

Biochemical test that produces a cloud white ppt when performed on lipids

22
Q

Maltose

A

Disaccharide formed by the condensation of 2 glucose monomers

23
Q

Metabolite

A

Molecule formed or used in metabolic reactions

24
Q

Monomers

A

Smaller units from which larger molecules are made

25
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are formed

26
Q

Phospholipid

A

Type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

27
Q

Polymers

A

Molecules made form a large number of monomers joined together

28
Q

Polypeptide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of many amino acids

29
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides

30
Q

Primary structure

A

Individual sequence of amino acids in a protein

31
Q

Quaternary structure

A

Structure only applicable to proteins with multiple polypeptide chain,may contain prosthetic groups

32
Q

Ribonucleic acid

A

Relatively short molecule made of rubonucleotide monomers joined by phopshodiester bonds

33
Q

Secondary structure

A

Local interactions of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
Alpha helix
Beta pleated sheets

34
Q

Semi conservative replication

A

Production of 2 daughter dna molecules from one dna molecule which both contain one original dna strand and one newly synthesized strand

35
Q

Solvent

A

Substance which other solutes are dissolved in

36
Q

Starch

A

Polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in plants

37
Q

Sucrose

A

Disaccharide formed by the condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule

38
Q

Tertiary structure

A

Way the protein folds to produce a specific 3D structure

Held together by ionic, hydrogen and disulfide bonds

39
Q

Triglyceride

A

Type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acids

A-Level Biology (14 decks)

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