Module 1 definitions Flashcards
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
Releases energy
Formed form molecule of ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups
Amino acid
Monomers contain an amino group (NH2) a carboxylic group (COOH) and a variable R group that make up proteins
Protein monomer
Benedicts test
Biochemical test used to test for reducing sugars that produces a different colour based on the amount of reducing sugar present
Brick red is positive
Must heat in a water bath
Biuret test
Test for peptide bonds
Test for proteins
Turns purple if present
Cellulose
Polysaccharide made of beta glucose that is used as a structural polysaccharide which provides strength to plant cell walls
Condensation reaction
Type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Information storing molecule made of deoxyribonucleotide monomers joined together by phosphodiester bonds to form a double helix
Dipeptide
Molecules formed by the condensation of 2 amino acids
Disaccharide
Molecule formed by the condensation of 2 monosaccharides
DNA helicase
Enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between 2 dna strands in the DNA molecule that is going to be replicated
DNA polymerase
Enzyme that catalysts the condensation reactions between the new nucleotides in the synthesis of the new DNA strand
Enzyme
Protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst and increases the rate of biochemical reactions
Glycogen
Highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals
Glycosidic bond
Bond between 2 monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction
Heat capacity
Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius
Hydrolysis
Breaking a chemical bond between 2 molecules using a water molecule, requires a catalyst
Induced fit model
Model of enzyme action that describes how enzymes undergo subtle conformational changes to better fit the molecule
Iodine test
Biochemical test used to test fir the presence if starch
Will turn blue black if positive
Lactose
Disaccharide formed by the condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule
Latent heat
Amount of energy required for a substance to change state
Lipid emulsion test
Biochemical test that produces a cloud white ppt when performed on lipids
Maltose
Disaccharide formed by the condensation of 2 glucose monomers
Metabolite
Molecule formed or used in metabolic reactions
Monomers
Smaller units from which larger molecules are made
Monosaccharide
Individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are formed
Phospholipid
Type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group
Polymers
Molecules made form a large number of monomers joined together
Polypeptide
Molecules formed by the condensation of many amino acids
Polysaccharide
Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides
Primary structure
Individual sequence of amino acids in a protein
Quaternary structure
Structure only applicable to proteins with multiple polypeptide chain,may contain prosthetic groups
Ribonucleic acid
Relatively short molecule made of rubonucleotide monomers joined by phopshodiester bonds
Secondary structure
Local interactions of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
Alpha helix
Beta pleated sheets
Semi conservative replication
Production of 2 daughter dna molecules from one dna molecule which both contain one original dna strand and one newly synthesized strand
Solvent
Substance which other solutes are dissolved in
Starch
Polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in plants
Sucrose
Disaccharide formed by the condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule
Tertiary structure
Way the protein folds to produce a specific 3D structure
Held together by ionic, hydrogen and disulfide bonds
Triglyceride
Type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acids
