Module 1: Chapter 1- Meaning and Concepts of History Flashcards
What is the origin of the word History?
Historia means inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation
Famous people in history
Herodotus and Thucydides
A Greek writer and photographer credited with being the first historian
Herodotus
His first grand narrative, Histories, is considered the founding work of history in Western Literature, which marked him as the “Father of History”
Herodotus
His work entitled the History of the Peloponnesian War set a standard score, conclusion, and accuracy that defines the test of the historical genre.
Thucydides
His work is about a historical account of the Peloponnesian War, a conflict between the Peloponnesian League (led by Sparta) and the Delian League (led by Athens)
Thucydides
Peloponnesian League
led by Sparta
Delian League
Led by Athens
T or F: History is considered a scientific research or inquiry
True
History is “man-his-story”
T
History is the study of future events
False: past events
History is often said to be the “Queen” or “Mother” of all social sciences
T
Who said that when we attempt to answer the question of “What is History?”, our answer, consciously or unconsciously reflects our own position in time and forms part of our answer to the broader question what view we take or the society in which we live
Carr
Who said that historical fact is the backbone of history and it is historians’ prior decision?
Carr,1962
What does Carr say about the three points to ponder when critiquing a historical facts
•study the historian before you begin to study the facts
• have an imaginative mind, to understand the minds of people with whom he is dealing
• possible to study History through the limelights of the present
“History use a continuous process between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past”
Carr
T or F: A study of the present in light with the past
T
History is the study of animal
F:Man
History is concerned with man in time
T
History is concerned with man in space
T
Objective record of happenings
T
History is not multi sided
False: multi sided
History is a dialogue between the events of the past and progressively emerging future ends
T
History is only narration
False: not only narration but also analysis
Continuity and coherence are not the necessary requisites of history
F: necessary
History is not relevant
false; relevant
History is comprehensiveness
True
An expert who studies and writes about the past
Historian
The methodical analysis of the sources (historical criticism) and synthesis of the materials being interpreted
Historical Method
Concepts of History
•Continuity and Change
•Significance
• Cause and Effect
• Framework
• Sources/Evidence
• Context/Perspective
• Empathy
•Contestability
A diagnostic device or cross-examination to test the reliability and credibility of a piece of evidence
Historical Criticism
Checks the reliability or veracity (correctness) of the source or evidence by evaluations it’s authors background, the title of the evidence, the date, and place of publication, and so on
External (lower) criticism
Judges credibility or validity (trustworthiness) by attributing a moral value to the piece of evidence or source
Internal Criticism
The historian proceeds to the shifting, grouping, arrangement, generalization, and organization the facts gathered to form a connected and related knowledge. As a standard form, these facts are presented in a logical, narrative form.
Synthesis (Reporting)
In the Philippines, we can divide that there were three stages of how it’s history has been written
- Our image of ourselves and our past was shapes mainly by the colonizer’s writings, disregarding the sufferings of their colonies.
- Filipino historians consciously set themselves the task of writing from the Filipino point of view.
- The writing of the nation’s history from the point of view of the Filipino people
T/F; A people’s History will help significantly eradicate our colonial mentality, the tendency to accept western ideas and products as inherently superior, and the failure to pinpoint national interest apart from those former colonizers
True
Implies a connection of interaction or relationship being a part of something, or sound something together
Kat
Means “sense” or “meaning”
saysay
now means the act of conveying words of importance or sense
tyan
Who said that “Pantayong Pananaw ay nasa panloob na pagkakaugbay-ugnay ng mga katangian, kaalaman, karunungan, hangarin, kaugalian, pag-aasal, at karanasan ng isang kabuuang pagkalinangan-kabuuang nababalot sa, at ipinapahayag sa pamamagitan ng isang wika, ibig sabihin sa loob ng isang nagsasariling talastasan/diskursong pangkalinangan o pangkabihasnan”
Zeus Salazar
(From US to YOU) - Written by the Filipino in English, POV of the Filipino writers, and it meant to be read by foreigners to understand our History in our POV
Pangkaming Pananaw
Written by Foreigners in English, the POV of the foreigners, and meant to be read by foreigners to understand our History (part in relation) to their History
Pansilang Pananaw
Written by Foreigners in English, POV of foreigners, meant to be read by Filipinos, what is produced when texts by foreigners about our History
Pangkayong Pananaw
from US - for US - written by Filipinos in Filipino/katutubong salita, POV of Filipino writers, Meant to be read by Filipino, revolves around the use of Filipino concepts in order to explain other Filipino concepts
Pantayong Pananaw
Who said that “Philippine History is a people’s History. It is a recorded struggle of people for ever-increasing freedom and newer and realization of the human person (1975)”.
Renato Constantino
