Lesson 2- Thinking Like a Historian Flashcards
Historians read historical documents at many different levels, paying focus to?
√ argument
√ purpose
√ context
√ content, and
√ credibility
The researchers who study the discipline of history place a high value on _____________
Critical Thinking Skills
The researchers who study the discipline of history place a high value on critical thinking skills
√understanding and evaluating change and continuity over time
√making appropriate historical evidence in answering questions
√ developing coherent interpretations and arguments about how and why things happened
T/F: Most historians read text of all kind with a particular set of questions in mind
T
T/F: Rather than accepting texts at face value, historians read between the lines and understand where a document came from.
True
How its origin affected its content
Quality
Whether or not it is trustworthy
Credibility
Three Historical Period
• Pre Colonial Period
•Colinal Period
• Post - Colonial Period
Pre-Colonial Period
Early Spanish Expeditions (1521-1565)
Colonial Period
• Spanish Era (1565-1898)
• American Period (1898-1946)
• Japanese Period (1941-1945)
Spanish Era
1565-1898
American Period
1898-1946
Japanese Period
1941-1945
Post-Colonial Period
• Third Republic Period (1946-1971)
• Fourth Republic Period (1971-1986)
• Fifth Republic Period (1986-Present)
Third Republic Period
1946-1971
Fourth Republic Period
1971-1986
Fifth Republic Period
1986-Present
It is essential for historians to understand their ________ (where they came from) and their _______ (why they were created)
Origin and purpose
Author may have been paid or forced to write in a way or ignore specific facts. It is often aimed at persuading the reader to agree with the author’s point of view
Bias
___________, ______, _________, and _________ information from a range of sources as evidence
Locate, compare, select, and use
The source needs to be relevant to the topic or question asked must be reliable
Conclude the usefulness of source
Something that can be proved: when an event rook place, what happens and who was involved
Fact
The perspective of a person, may believe to be true
Opinion
The purpose of an ________, is to tell how or why something happened
Explanation
In historical argument, the researcher is presenting a _________ that can support with primary and secondary sources
Hypothesis
The researcher writing in explanations and historical argument must be ______ and _______
Clear and factual
Process of acknowledging historians, writers, or sources you have relied for information and evidence
Referencing
Integrate into your writing, either within the text, as ______ (at the bottom of the page) or as _______ (at the end of your piece )
Footnotes and endnotes
Reference is evidence that _______ your argument, _________ research and __________ the work of others
Validates, effective, acknowledges
Most Standard Referencing
Chicago Manual of Style
‘documentary note referencing’ or ‘simply footnoting’
Oxford Method
Uses in-text citations. References are added in parenthesis within the text, immediately after the relevant statement or quotation
Harvard Method
very brief, listing just the authors surname and the date of publication
Harvard Method
A page number is sometimes added when referring to a specific quote or piece of information
Harvard Method
If the authors surname is already mentioned within tour writings it does not need to be included with the parenthesis. And full citations for each reference are then added to a reference list at the end of the text
Harvard Method
1433 Penal Code by _____
Kalantiaw Code by Datu Kalantiaw
___ different offenses traditionally group in ___ theses, punishable by ___ kinds of corporal and capital punishment
36, 18, 15
Challenge the authenticity of the Code of Kalantiaw
Argument
• BA AT YALE University/MA at Xolumbia University
• Historian/anthropologists of the gran Cordillera
• Lay missionary in the Potestant Episcopal Church
• “Prehispanic Source Materials of Studying Philippine History”
William Henry Scott
The fact that the material claimed to be historical, the one to be considered as the earliest record of the Philippine History
Laguna Copperplate Inscription (LCI)
Measurement 20x20 cm, and words are directly embossed into the plate and inscribed into a heated, softened scroll of metal
Laguna Copperplate Inscription (LCI)
Variety language of old Malay and loanwords from Sanskrit Old Tagalog and Old Javanese - 10th Century
Kavi Script
Dutch anthropologist and Hununuos script expert concluded that the LCI mentioned the place of Tondo (Tundun), Paila (Pailah), Binwagan and Pulilan (Puliran)
Antoon Postma
