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Exploring Psychology > Module 1-5 > Flashcards

Module 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two types of behaviors

A

Covert and overt

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2
Q

What is difference between both psychological behaviors

A

Overt is an observable behavior while covert not directly observable behavior or thinking behavior

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3
Q

What are the four goals in psychology

A

Describe, explain, predict, control/modify

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4
Q

Give an example of a behavior

A

Nailbiting or hitting

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5
Q

When did psychology become it’s own field

A

In the late 1800s

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6
Q

Psychology was often referenced in the major____

A

Philosophy

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7
Q

Define Tabularasa

A

A blank tablet

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8
Q

What were the British imperialists’s theory

A

That a newborn infant has no knowledge like TabulaRossa

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9
Q

Nativist thought

A

We had an innate abilities

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10
Q

Give an example of an innate ability

A

Sucking, crying, breathing

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11
Q

Who performed the first psychological experiment

A

William Wundt

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12
Q

What did Wundt do in his Laboratory?

A

He tried to measure mental processes

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13
Q

What did titchner believe?

A

Structuralism: our thoughts consist of basics elements (introspection)

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14
Q

What is introspection

A

Looking inward( training to report elements of their experience as they looked at a rose, or smelling a scent, what were their immediate images, sensations and feelings)

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15
Q

William James ( the father of psychology )participated in the other early psychology school opposite of structuralism

A

Functionalism

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16
Q

What is functionalism?

A

The function of thinking

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17
Q

Who’s theory did James connect his with and what was his own theory

A

James connected to Darwin and James believe that our brain acted the way they did because of adaptation

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18
Q

Define psychology

A

The study of human mental process

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19
Q

Who was Mary Caukins

A

A woman who finished all Harvard PhD requirements outscoring all male students on the qualifying exams but was denied her degree and I heard a degree from Radcliffe college a school for Aulwurm she had does not hide the unequal treatment and became a distinguished memory search her name the APA’s first female president in 1905

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20
Q

Define APA

A

American psychological Association

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21
Q

Who is Margaret Floyd Washburn

A

The second APA President 1921 and the first woman to get a PhD in psychology and wrote the book the animal mind

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22
Q

What was structuralism

A

The early school of thought process promoted by Tichenor and Wundt; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

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23
Q

What’s was functionalism

A

Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function how they enable the organisms adapt survive and flourish

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24
Q

Where was wundts laboratory

A

Leipzig, Germany

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25
What did John B Watson and B. F. Skinner do
Dismiss introspection and re defined psychology "the scientific study of observable behavior"
26
Define behaviorism
The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes
27
Define cognitive psychology
The study of the mental processes or thinking
28
Define natural selection
Nature selects traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
29
Define the Biopsychosocial approach
Integrates biological, psychological, and social cultural factors
30
Define levels of analysis
Differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social culture for analyzing any given phenomenon
31
Define basic research
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
32
Define applied research
Scientific Study that aims to solve practical problems
33
Define counseling psychology
A branch of psychology that helps people cope with challenges and prices and to improve their personal and social functioning
34
Define clinical psychologist
Assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
35
Define Psychiatrist
May provide psychotherapy, I'm medical doctors license to prescribe drugs and otherwise treat physical causes of psychological disorders
36
Define positive psychology
Scientifically explores "positive emotions, positive character traits, and enabling institutions"
37
Define SQ3R
Survey, question, read, retrieve, review
38
Who's the father of psychology
William James
39
Define *biological psychology*
Behaviors connect with the physical body system( nervous system)
40
Two types of biological psychology
Nero science and cognitive neuroscience science
41
Define humanistic psychology (positive psychology)
Focusing on people's talents, strength and talents
42
Define social culture psychology
Influence of culture on behavior
43
Name a NARROW culture example
Family
44
Name a BROAD culture example
Ethnicity
45
What do researchers in psychology follow?
The scientific method
46
Define Critical thinkers
Questions claims about behavior (are the claims legit?) Having skepticism or doubt
47
Define theory
General principle used to describe/explain behaviors of interest
48
Example of a theory
Aversive behaviors among elementary school boys
49
Observation learning-
Observing behaviors of models
50
Define generates hypothesis:
specific prediction based on theory
51
Full examples of a theory l
Watching violence on tv is related to aggression behaviors among 4th grade boys
52
How do you test the hypothesis
1. gather measurements of variables in hypothesis 2. Measurements are gathered from sample (Ex: 30 4th grader boys)
53
The sample needs to represent the _________
Population
54
How could you sample the population?
Random sampling
55
What is the third step in testing the hypothesis?
Research methods to gather measurements
56
Most popular way to relieve measurements?
Surveying
57
What's the other way to receive measurements?
Naturalistic observation
58
What's the difference Between the experimental group and the control group
The experimental group would have a change in the independent variable while the control group will stay static with no changes
59
Describe the nervous system
Contains billions of Neurons(or nerve cells)
60
How do neurons play a role in psychology
Underlies many of our behaviors, perception, controlling movements and thinking
61
Glial cells -
Provide support and protection for neurons
62
Cell body-
Cells life support
63
Dendrites
Receive messages from other nerons
64
Axon-
Carries messages to other neurons, Muscles and glands
65
What is an action potential
A brief electrical charge
66
How do messages travel down the axon
In the sequence of action potentials
67
After the axon send Messages it returns to A______
Resting state
68
Define a resting state
Chemicals are moved in and out of the axon
69
Describe an example of a resting state
Sodium being pumped outside of the axonand sodium outside the axon returning inside the axon due to an attraction to negatively charged ion
70
Where is the synapse
In between two neurons
71
Where with sodium to rush into the act
Near the cell body
72
Nero transmitters are like a key to a lock to ____
Receptor sites
73
What happens during action potential
Narrow transmitters are released into the receptor sites of the next
74
Defined the two types of narrow transmitters
Excitatory and inhibitory
75
Define an excitatory neurotransmitter
Leads to action potential and receiving neuron
76
Define an inhibitory transmitter
Decreases the chances of action potential of receiving neuron
77
Excitatory neurotransmitter release ___ Action potential
All
78
Inhibitory neurotransmitters release ____ action potentials
No
79
Arh chemical controls -
Muscle contractions; forming new memories a and new information
80
Dopamine chemical
Arousal, paying attention, coordinated movements
81
Serotonin chemical
Mood center of brain ( happiness, hunger, anger)
82
Norepinephrine chemical
Alert and aroused *danger*
83
GABA chemical
Main inhibitory neurotransmitter
84
If you had depression you would have low _______ levels
Serotonin
85
Central nervous system is
Brain and spinal cord
86
What is the peripheral nervous system
Everything else
87
What does the peripheral nervous system do
The nerves send messages to the central nervous system intake messages from the central nervous system
88
What are nerves
A bundle of neurons traveling in a pack
89
What two types of systems are in the peripheral nervous system
Somatic system and autonomic system
90
What is the somatic system
The central nervous system sending messages to muscles (it's our voluntary movements)
91
What is the autonomic system
Involuntary body functions
92
What does your sympathetic branch do
Prepares body for emergency
93
What does the parasympathetic branch do
Returned your body to normal functioning when emergency is over
94
What is a spinal reflex
Automatic response to stimulus (pricking finger)
95
What type of Oregon connects to the spinal reflex
Sense organs
96
What is an example of a sense organ
Your skin
97
Where are receptor cells
In your skin
98
How could be activated
By a prick of a thorn
99
Describe a simple reflex
You burn your finger an information is carried from your skin receptors along a sensory neuron to the spinal cord after each of the spinal cord is past via interneurons to motor neurons that lead to the muscles in the hand with your hand jerks away. After you check your hand away you immediately feel pain sensation
100
What is the purpose of them a Doula
It regulates breathing and heart beating
101
What part of the brain is the Medela
The brainstem
102
What does the thalamus do
Messages from eyes pass-through here
103
What does the reticular formation do
Contributes to being aroused and alert also shuts down when we sleep
104
What does the cerebellum do
It's involved in coordinating movement and learning new motor skills(ex: tying shoe at young age)
105
What parts are in the limbic system
Hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus
106
Define Hippocampus
Learning new information, forming new memories
107
Define Amygdala
Linked to emotion
108
Define Hypothalamus
Behaviors tied to survival, (shared with other species)
109
What's percentage of weights the cerebral cortex
85%
110
What are the 3 parts of the cerebral cortex
Left hemisphere, right hemisphere, corpus cullosum
111
Lg controls movement on _____ side
Right
112
Sensory input travels to opposite _____
Hemisphere
113
What does your Temporel lobe do
Messages from ear and auditorial information
114
Occipital lobe -
Visual info is processed (eyes)
115
Parietal lobe _
(Sensory cortex) messages from skin
116
Frontal lobe
Decision making
117
A touch on right arm travels to _____ hemisphere, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____________
Left. Sensory cortex, parietal lobe
118
Association areas
Store memories and thinking behaviors
119
Frontal association areas (attention center)
Planning and organizing. Responding to social situation
120
The left hemisphere specializes in ____,_____,_____,_________
Speech, language, reading, calculation
121
The right hemisphere specializes in _______,_________,__________
Visual perception processing, recognizing faces, processing emotions
122
How many pairs of chromosomes in a complete molecule
23
123
How many total genes are there
About 25,000
124
What is another word for identical twins
Monozygotic twins
125
What percentage of genes do monozygotic twins Share
100%
126
Is it common for identical twins raised apart to to be very similar
Yes
127
Myelin or myelin sheath
Fatty substance that costs axon and speeds up neural impulses that

Exploring Psychology (4 decks)

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