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Exploring Psychology > Module 1-5 > Flashcards

Module 1-5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the two types of behaviors

A

Covert and overt

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2
Q

What is difference between both psychological behaviors

A

Overt is an observable behavior while covert not directly observable behavior or thinking behavior

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3
Q

What are the four goals in psychology

A

Describe, explain, predict, control/modify

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4
Q

Give an example of a behavior

A

Nailbiting or hitting

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5
Q

When did psychology become it’s own field

A

In the late 1800s

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6
Q

Psychology was often referenced in the major____

A

Philosophy

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7
Q

Define Tabularasa

A

A blank tablet

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8
Q

What were the British imperialists’s theory

A

That a newborn infant has no knowledge like TabulaRossa

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9
Q

Nativist thought

A

We had an innate abilities

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10
Q

Give an example of an innate ability

A

Sucking, crying, breathing

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11
Q

Who performed the first psychological experiment

A

William Wundt

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12
Q

What did Wundt do in his Laboratory?

A

He tried to measure mental processes

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13
Q

What did titchner believe?

A

Structuralism: our thoughts consist of basics elements (introspection)

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14
Q

What is introspection

A

Looking inward( training to report elements of their experience as they looked at a rose, or smelling a scent, what were their immediate images, sensations and feelings)

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15
Q

William James ( the father of psychology )participated in the other early psychology school opposite of structuralism

A

Functionalism

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16
Q

What is functionalism?

A

The function of thinking

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17
Q

Who’s theory did James connect his with and what was his own theory

A

James connected to Darwin and James believe that our brain acted the way they did because of adaptation

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18
Q

Define psychology

A

The study of human mental process

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19
Q

Who was Mary Caukins

A

A woman who finished all Harvard PhD requirements outscoring all male students on the qualifying exams but was denied her degree and I heard a degree from Radcliffe college a school for Aulwurm she had does not hide the unequal treatment and became a distinguished memory search her name the APA’s first female president in 1905

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20
Q

Define APA

A

American psychological Association

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21
Q

Who is Margaret Floyd Washburn

A

The second APA President 1921 and the first woman to get a PhD in psychology and wrote the book the animal mind

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22
Q

What was structuralism

A

The early school of thought process promoted by Tichenor and Wundt; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

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23
Q

What’s was functionalism

A

Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function how they enable the organisms adapt survive and flourish

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24
Q

Where was wundts laboratory

A

Leipzig, Germany

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25
Q

What did John B Watson and B. F. Skinner do

A

Dismiss introspection and re defined psychology “the scientific study of observable behavior”

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26
Q

Define behaviorism

A

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

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27
Q

Define cognitive psychology

A

The study of the mental processes or thinking

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28
Q

Define natural selection

A

Nature selects traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

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29
Q

Define the Biopsychosocial approach

A

Integrates biological, psychological, and social cultural factors

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30
Q

Define levels of analysis

A

Differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social culture for analyzing any given phenomenon

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31
Q

Define basic research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

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32
Q

Define applied research

A

Scientific Study that aims to solve practical problems

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33
Q

Define counseling psychology

A

A branch of psychology that helps people cope with challenges and prices and to improve their personal and social functioning

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34
Q

Define clinical psychologist

A

Assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders

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35
Q

Define Psychiatrist

A

May provide psychotherapy, I’m medical doctors license to prescribe drugs and otherwise treat physical causes of psychological disorders

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36
Q

Define positive psychology

A

Scientifically explores “positive emotions, positive character traits, and enabling institutions”

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37
Q

Define SQ3R

A

Survey, question, read, retrieve, review

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38
Q

Who’s the father of psychology

A

William James

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39
Q

Define biological psychology

A

Behaviors connect with the physical body system( nervous system)

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40
Q

Two types of biological psychology

A

Nero science and cognitive neuroscience science

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41
Q

Define humanistic psychology (positive psychology)

A

Focusing on people’s talents, strength and talents

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42
Q

Define social culture psychology

A

Influence of culture on behavior

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43
Q

Name a NARROW culture example

A

Family

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44
Q

Name a BROAD culture example

A

Ethnicity

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45
Q

What do researchers in psychology follow?

A

The scientific method

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46
Q

Define Critical thinkers

A

Questions claims about behavior (are the claims legit?)

Having skepticism or doubt

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47
Q

Define theory

A

General principle used to describe/explain behaviors of interest

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48
Q

Example of a theory

A

Aversive behaviors among elementary school boys

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49
Q

Observation learning-

A

Observing behaviors of models

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50
Q

Define generates hypothesis:

A

specific prediction based on theory

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51
Q

Full examples of a theory l

A

Watching violence on tv is related to aggression behaviors among 4th grade boys

52
Q

How do you test the hypothesis

A
  1. gather measurements of variables in hypothesis
  2. Measurements are gathered from sample

(Ex: 30 4th grader boys)

53
Q

The sample needs to represent the _________

A

Population

54
Q

How could you sample the population?

A

Random sampling

55
Q

What is the third step in testing the hypothesis?

A

Research methods to gather measurements

56
Q

Most popular way to relieve measurements?

A

Surveying

57
Q

What’s the other way to receive measurements?

A

Naturalistic observation

58
Q

What’s the difference Between the experimental group and the control group

A

The experimental group would have a change in the independent variable while the control group will stay static with no changes

59
Q

Describe the nervous system

A

Contains billions of Neurons(or nerve cells)

60
Q

How do neurons play a role in psychology

A

Underlies many of our behaviors, perception, controlling movements and thinking

61
Q

Glial cells -

A

Provide support and protection for neurons

62
Q

Cell body-

A

Cells life support

63
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive messages from other nerons

64
Q

Axon-

A

Carries messages to other neurons, Muscles and glands

65
Q

What is an action potential

A

A brief electrical charge

66
Q

How do messages travel down the axon

A

In the sequence of action potentials

67
Q

After the axon send Messages it returns to A______

A

Resting state

68
Q

Define a resting state

A

Chemicals are moved in and out of the axon

69
Q

Describe an example of a resting state

A

Sodium being pumped outside of the axonand sodium outside the axon returning inside the axon due to an attraction to negatively charged ion

70
Q

Where is the synapse

A

In between two neurons

71
Q

Where with sodium to rush into the act

A

Near the cell body

72
Q

Nero transmitters are like a key to a lock to ____

A

Receptor sites

73
Q

What happens during action potential

A

Narrow transmitters are released into the receptor sites of the next

74
Q

Defined the two types of narrow transmitters

A

Excitatory and inhibitory

75
Q

Define an excitatory neurotransmitter

A

Leads to action potential and receiving neuron

76
Q

Define an inhibitory transmitter

A

Decreases the chances of action potential of receiving neuron

77
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitter release ___ Action potential

A

All

78
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters release ____ action potentials

A

No

79
Q

Arh chemical controls -

A

Muscle contractions; forming new memories a and new information

80
Q

Dopamine chemical

A

Arousal, paying attention, coordinated movements

81
Q

Serotonin chemical

A

Mood center of brain ( happiness, hunger, anger)

82
Q

Norepinephrine chemical

A

Alert and aroused danger

83
Q

GABA chemical

A

Main inhibitory neurotransmitter

84
Q

If you had depression you would have low _______ levels

A

Serotonin

85
Q

Central nervous system is

A

Brain and spinal cord

86
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system

A

Everything else

87
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system do

A

The nerves send messages to the central nervous system intake messages from the central nervous system

88
Q

What are nerves

A

A bundle of neurons traveling in a pack

89
Q

What two types of systems are in the peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic system and autonomic system

90
Q

What is the somatic system

A

The central nervous system sending messages to muscles (it’s our voluntary movements)

91
Q

What is the autonomic system

A

Involuntary body functions

92
Q

What does your sympathetic branch do

A

Prepares body for emergency

93
Q

What does the parasympathetic branch do

A

Returned your body to normal functioning when emergency is over

94
Q

What is a spinal reflex

A

Automatic response to stimulus (pricking finger)

95
Q

What type of Oregon connects to the spinal reflex

A

Sense organs

96
Q

What is an example of a sense organ

A

Your skin

97
Q

Where are receptor cells

A

In your skin

98
Q

How could be activated

A

By a prick of a thorn

99
Q

Describe a simple reflex

A

You burn your finger an information is carried from your skin receptors along a sensory neuron to the spinal cord after each of the spinal cord is past via interneurons to motor neurons that lead to the muscles in the hand with your hand jerks away. After you check your hand away you immediately feel pain sensation

100
Q

What is the purpose of them a Doula

A

It regulates breathing and heart beating

101
Q

What part of the brain is the Medela

A

The brainstem

102
Q

What does the thalamus do

A

Messages from eyes pass-through here

103
Q

What does the reticular formation do

A

Contributes to being aroused and alert also shuts down when we sleep

104
Q

What does the cerebellum do

A

It’s involved in coordinating movement and learning new motor skills(ex: tying shoe at young age)

105
Q

What parts are in the limbic system

A

Hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus

106
Q

Define Hippocampus

A

Learning new information, forming new memories

107
Q

Define Amygdala

A

Linked to emotion

108
Q

Define Hypothalamus

A

Behaviors tied to survival, (shared with other species)

109
Q

What’s percentage of weights the cerebral cortex

A

85%

110
Q

What are the 3 parts of the cerebral cortex

A

Left hemisphere, right hemisphere, corpus cullosum

111
Q

Lg controls movement on _____ side

A

Right

112
Q

Sensory input travels to opposite _____

A

Hemisphere

113
Q

What does your Temporel lobe do

A

Messages from ear and auditorial information

114
Q

Occipital lobe -

A

Visual info is processed (eyes)

115
Q

Parietal lobe _

A

(Sensory cortex) messages from skin

116
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Decision making

117
Q

A touch on right arm travels to _____ hemisphere, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____________

A

Left. Sensory cortex, parietal lobe

118
Q

Association areas

A

Store memories and thinking behaviors

119
Q

Frontal association areas (attention center)

A

Planning and organizing. Responding to social situation

120
Q

The left hemisphere specializes in ____,_____,_____,_________

A

Speech, language, reading, calculation

121
Q

The right hemisphere specializes in _______,_________,__________

A

Visual perception processing, recognizing faces, processing emotions

122
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes in a complete molecule

A

23

123
Q

How many total genes are there

A

About 25,000

124
Q

What is another word for identical twins

A

Monozygotic twins

125
Q

What percentage of genes do monozygotic twins Share

A

100%

126
Q

Is it common for identical twins raised apart to to be very similar

A

Yes

127
Q

Myelin or myelin sheath

A

Fatty substance that costs axon and speeds up neural impulses that

Exploring Psychology (4 decks)

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