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Psychology 1010 > Module 1&2 > Flashcards

Module 1&2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is psychology?

A

No generally agreed definition, for the scientific study of thought and behavior.

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2
Q

What is the Goal of science?

A

Seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world.

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3
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

The study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems.

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4
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

Explores though and behavior change and shows stability across the life span.

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5
Q

Behavior analysis

A

Study behavior, why it occurs, and how to influence it.

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6
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

Focuses on diagnosis and treating social, emotional, and behavioral concerns. Typically have more training.

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7
Q

Counseling Psychology

A

Diagnosis and treatment of social-emotional and behavioral concerns. Less intense.

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8
Q

School psychology

A

Work with youth, families, and school systems. Prove services within the context of a school.

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9
Q

Personality Psychology

A

What makes people unique, as well as the consistencies in people’s behavior across time and contexts.

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10
Q

Social Psychology

A

How the real or imagined presence of others influences thought, feelings, and actions. How the social world influences behavior.

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11
Q

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

A

Human behavior within organizations and the workplace. Provide solutions to the problems of the workplace and within organizations.

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12
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Studies the way in which evolution has shaped the behavior of organisms.

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13
Q

Positive Psychology

A

What is going well with people, why, and how people flourish.

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14
Q

What is Psychoanlysis?

A

A clinical-based approach to understanding and treating psychological disorders; that assumes the unconscious mind is the most powerful force behind though and behavior.

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15
Q

What thinker is associated with Evolutionary Psychology?

A

Charles Darwin

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16
Q

What is information processing theory

A

Comparing the brain to a computer.

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17
Q

What is the DSM-V?

A

Describing behaviors and symptoms of each disorder so it can be diagnosed.

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18
Q

What is pragmatism?

A

Treating something as true when it’s useful

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19
Q

What is empiricism?

A

Knowledge comes form experience

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20
Q

What is structuralism?

A

It’s best to break things down into their parts.

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21
Q

What is functionalism?

A

‘why’ something is happening- it’s function

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22
Q

What is behaviorism?

A

Psychology can be a true science only if it examines observable behavior, not ideas, thoughts, feelings, or motives.

23
Q

Two thinkers associated with behaviorism?

A

John watson, Ivan Pavlov

24
Q

What is cognitivism?

A

How memory works, how people perceive things in their environment.

25
Q

Dualism

A

Mind are body are separate entities, two types of reality exist.

26
Q

Monism

A

There is no reason to distinguish the mind and body as two different things.

27
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

Concerned with personal growth and meaning as a way of reaching someone’s full potential.

28
Q

Psychology is best defined as the scientific study of
a. human behavior.
b. mental illness.
c. neuroses.
d. human thought and behavior.

A

D

29
Q

As a field, psychology is
a. a social science.
b. the practice of diagnosing and treating mental illness.
c. a biological science.
d. all of the above.

A

D

30
Q

How does psychology differ from the related field of sociology?
a. Psychology studies systems; sociology studies cultures.
b. Psychology studies cultures; sociology studies people.
c. Psychology studies individuals; sociology studies groups.
d. Psychology studies groups and cultures; sociology studies human behavior.

A

C

31
Q

True or false? Psychology is made up of many different subfields.

A

True!

32
Q

What subdiscipline of psychology examines how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors change over the lifespan?
a. developmental psychology
b. cognitive psychology
c. personality psychology
d. educational psychology

A

A

33
Q

A psychologist has conducted a series of studies on which part of the brain is most active during a memory task. She is probably
a. a developmental psychologist.
b. a behavioral neuroscientist.
c. a cognitive psychologist.
d. an industrial/organizational psychologist.

A

B

34
Q

The main difference between a clinical and a counseling psychologist is that counseling psychologists treat
a. people with more severe psychological disorders.
b. more children than adults.
c. people with less severe psychological disorders.
d. people with learning disabilities only.

A

C

35
Q

What perspective in psychology assumes that the unconscious is the most powerful force behind most behavior?
a. trephination
b. cognitive psychology
c. humanism
d. psychoanalysis

A

D

36
Q

_________argued that thoughts, feelings, and motives are unimportant in understanding human behavior.
a. Behaviorists
b. Psychoanalysts
c. Functionalists
d. Gestalt psychologists

A

A

37
Q

Positive psychology is a modern version of which school of thought?
a. psychoanalysis
b. humanism
c. functionalism
d. introspectionism

A

B

38
Q

What is meant by “philosophy of science?”

A

Unified framework for conduction science.

39
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A specific, informed, and testable prediction of the outcome of a research project.

40
Q

What is a theory?

A

A set of assumptions from which scientists can make testable predictions.

41
Q

What is a replication?

A

Repeating a study to confirm the results and making sure it wasn’t a fluke.

42
Q

What is a dependent variable? (DV)

A

outcome of interest

43
Q

What is an independent variable? (IV)

A

The thing the researcher is manipulating

44
Q

What is a correlation?

A

Indicate the strength of the relationship.

45
Q

Meta-analysis is?

A

A method for combining research results together.

46
Q

Group design is?

A

Participants randomly assigned to groups, one group is exposed to the IV- the other is the control group.

47
Q

What is a case study?

A

Comprehensive description of an individual or group of individuals.

48
Q

Single-Case experimental design

A

Individuals are part of a control condition and the experimental condition. Allows inference of causation.

49
Q

What is a control group?

A

The group does not change, it is constant.

50
Q

Informed consent

A

Telling participants about what the study is and what to expect.

51
Q

Confidentiality/privacy

A

Protect participants by keeping all responses confidential. Helps ensure that their identities are not directly connected with their data in the study.

52
Q

Respect for persons

A

Requires that individuals be treated with respect.

53
Q

Beneficence

A

Potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the participants. Must take steps to minimize harm or discomfort.

54
Q

Justice

A

Benefits and risks of research are distributed fairly- nondiscriminatory.

Psychology 1010 (7 decks)

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