Module 1 Flashcards
empirical approach
an evidence based method that draws on the observations and experiments
critical thinking
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions, but instead it examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
structuralism
a theory of consciousness that analyzes the mind by breaking it down into it’s simplest components. Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener were two important figures in this study
functionalism
a discipline of psychology that focuses on the functionality of everything around us, including ourselves and other organisms
behaviorism
the focus of behavioural psychology, the study of observable behaviour and is an objective science
humanistic psychology
a movement in psychology supporting the belief that humans, as individuals, are unique beings and should be recognized and treated as such
cognitive psychology
the study of our mental processes, such as those that occur when we perceive, learn, remember, think, communicate, and solve problems
cognitive neuroscience
studies the brain activity that underlies our mental activity and brain activity linked with cognition, including perception, thinking, memory, and language
nature-nurture issue
the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviours
natural selection
the principle that those inherited traits that will better enable us to survive and reproduce in a particular environment and these are the traits that will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
evolutionary psychology
the study of the best traits for the species survival and reproduction, this can be observed in a particular environment over the eons of time
behaviour genetics
the study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behaviour
culture
made up of the shared ideas and behaviours that one generation passes on to the next generation and so on, it shapes our behaviours and how we see the world and things around us
positive psychology
the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to strive
levels of analysis
there are three main levels, we are a complex system that is part of larger social systems, made up of smaller systems, such as different systems that build our immune systems, which are composed of even smaller cells such as molecules
applied research
applied research is the scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
counselling psychology
the study of helping people to cope with challenges and crisis and improving their personal and social functioning
clinical psychology
the study of mental, emotional, and behaviour disorders
community psychology
a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
biopsychosocial approach
an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and socio-cultural levels of analysis
basic research
pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
psychiatry
a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy
testing effect
enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information
SQ3R
a study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, review
