Module 1 Flashcards by JANINE MARIE MACAWILE

” Ecology is the study of how the OCCUPANTS of the environment INTERACT “

Ernst Haeckel, 1869 in Miller, 1975

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oikos =
logos =

house ; study of

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German zoologist “science of the habitat”

Ernst Haeckel

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ECOLOGY.

The scientific study of RELATIONSHIP of ________ organisms WITH EACH OTHER & their________.

“No living organism exists in _______.”

LIVING ; ENVIRONEMENT

ISOLATION

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ECOLOGY.

The study of the _______ & ________ of NATURE.

STRUCTURE ; FUNCTION

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“Humankind as part of nature.”

ODUM 1974

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ECOLOGY.

“The study of the total FLOWS of _______ elements, ENERGY & WATER w/in a defined area, the INTERACTIONS of these flows with the _______ w/in & the __________ of all HUMAN’S ACTIVITIES on cycle flows & populations.

CHEMICAL; POPULATION ; EFFECT

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RELATIONSHIP & INTERACTIONS.

BRITISH ECOLOGIST (1927) – “SCIENTIFIC NATURAL HISTORY” concerned with sociology and economics of animal

CHARLES ELTON

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RELATIONSHIP & INTERACTIONS.

(1905) “the science of the COMMUNITY”

FREDERIC CLEMENTS

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RELATIONSHIP & INTERACTIONS.

(1958) “ the science of the ENVIRONMENT”

KARL FRIEDRICH

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Ecology is an ______ science.

INTEGRATIVE

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INTEGRATIVE SCIENCE.

______ and _____ of all living organisms with each other and with their environment

______ and VARIETY among populations

_______ of BIODIVERSITY, including laws governing
communal living and sharing of resources

RELATIONSHIPS & INTERACTIONS
DIVERSITY
MAINTENANCE

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3 major FEATURES OF ALL LIFE

VULNERABILITY
INTERDEPENDENCE
DIVERSITY

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In 1892 she used Haeckel’s term “OEKOLOGY” to mean the science of the CONDITIONS of the health and WELL-BEING of everyday HUMAN LIFE, elaborated as human ecology in ______.

ELLEN SWALLOW RICHARDS
1907

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It is the field of study in which the PRINCIPLES of ECOLOGY are APPLIED to man and his INTERACTION with the environment.

HUMAN ECOLOGY

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HUMAN ECOLOGY.

The study of human ________ and _______ with the environment.

INTERRELATIONSHIPS ; INTERACTIONS

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HUMAN ECOLOGY.

The study that seeks to understand HUMAN and his/her ______ by studying individuals and populations as _______ ENTITIES profoundly MODIFIED by _______.

PROBLEMS ; BIOLOGICAL ; CULTURE

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HUMAN ECOLOGY.

The study of ECOSYSTEMS as they _____ and are ______ by human beings.

AFFECT ; AFFECTED

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It is the STUDY of those settings mainly SETTLEMENTS, inhabited by those organisms called humans.

HUMAN ECOLOGY

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3 SCALES OF THE ENVIRONMENT

INDIVIDUAL
FAMILY
COMMUNITY

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“An INTERDISCIPLINARY approach to understanding human-environmental systems.”

Dr. Robert Dyball
Australia National University

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Dr. Robert Dyball

It seeks to combine understanding of the ________ REALITIES of human existence (such as dependence on natural resources) with the _____ and _______ dimensions of HUMAN HEALTH and WELL-BEING.

BIOPHYSICAL ; SOCIAL ; PSYCHOLOGICAL

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Human Ecology is all about ________ _________

RELATIONSHIPS CONNECTOR

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HUME AS RELATIONSHIPS CONNECTOR

humans & their environment
actions & consequences
changes & adaptations

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FOCUS: ECOLOGY VS HUMAN ECO

ecology - Relationships of LIVING & NON-LIVING entities with their environment hume - interactions of the SOCIAL environment with the PHYSICAL environment

ROLE: ECOLOGY VS HUMAN ECO

ecology - SHAPED by their environment hume - SHAPER of and SHAPED by their environment

DISCIPLINARY BASE: ECOLOGY VS HUMAN ECO

ecology - BIOPHYSICAL science hume - SOCIAL sciences, BIOPHYSICAL sciences, and ECOLOGY

HUMAN ECLOGY IS AN _____ SCIENCE

INTERDISCIPLINARY

HUMAN ECOLOGY is Concerned with the PROCESSES that limit and change this system over time

SUSTAINABILITY

HUMAN ECOLOGY is Concerned with the SOCIAL DIMENSIONS of current or proposed alternate arrangements

FAIR, JUST, & ETHICAL ISSUES

HUMAN ECOLOGY. Fundamental concern on _____ _____ and ____ _____ Improvement of WHAT, by what MEANS, and in whose INTEREST

ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY SOCIAL JUSTICE

Ultimately, Human Ecology is motivated by CARE and CONCERN for the _____. It seeks to imagine what it might be to live and do well in a HUMANE, SUSTAINABLE and worthwhile world and to invite and enthuse broader community commitment to work towards realizing those futures.

FUTURE

Human Ecological System Framework: INNER CIRCLE COMPONENTS

HUMAN SYSTEMS (individual, family, community) ENVIRONMENT (biological, economic, social, technological, physical, cultural, political= BEST PCP)

Human Ecological System Framework: OUTER CIRCLE COMPONENTS

ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY DEVELOPED HUMAN POTENTIALS EMPOWERED ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS

When we realize that we are _____ NOT _____ of CREATION then our natural resources will be wisely utilized

STEWARDS ; MASTERS masters = get what they want at any cost Stewards = carefully WEIGH GAINS against the loss such ‘gains’ may cause.

______ not _______ of Life When we recognize that there are other lives than our lives in this planet And that our lives and their lives are INTERCONNECTED. Then we learn to be responsible in how we treat our natural resources For wanton destruction of the environment is disrespect for life and is sheer selfishness.

RESPECTERS ; DEFILERS

_______ not mere _______ of nature then we will do whatever is necessary to CONSERVE our natural resources and PREVENT all forms of environmental abuse for it is one best way of giving back to life’s sustaining source.

DEFENDERS ; DEPENDENTS

" to understand human ecology is to take the risk of stepping out of our disciplinal anchors"

MET Mendoza

"The heart of change is a change of heart"

John kotter

5 LEVELS OF ECOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

1. ORAGNISM 2. POPULATIONS 3. COMMUNITY 4. ECOSYSTEM 5. ECOSPHERE

occupies a place of area

habitat

resource it needs to survive

niche

3 characteristics of an organism

- Anything that is LIVING - Occupies a place of area called HABITAT - Has a NICHE : the resources it needs to survive

Group of interbreeding organisms living within a specific area (e.g flock of birds)

POPULATIONS

Characteristics of a population

- Size - Extends through time, contraction and expansion

A number of populations of different organisms that occupy & interact in a given area (e.g. Berber)

Community

- Any defined area of nature that includes living organisms & non-living substances interacting with each other

Ecosystem

A major unit of Ecology

ECOSYSTEM

ECO = _______ to the environment SYSTEM = a _______ of RELATED PARTS that function as a ______ (Smith and Smith, 2002)

RELATES COLLECTION ; UNIT

COMPONENTS OF AN ECOSYSTEM

1. STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS 2. FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

1. Non-living (abiotic) components 2. Living (biotic) components

STRUCTURAL COMPONENT. Types of Relationship

a. Predator-prey interaction b. Commensalism c. Mutualism d. Parasitism

one organism serves as the food source for another

a. Predator-prey interaction

– relationship between species that is beneficial to one, but neutral or of no benefit to the other

b. Commensalism

beneficial to both organisms; the interaction is necessary for the survival and growth of each species

c. Mutualism

interaction between two species in which one benefits at the expense of the other organism (parasite-host)

d. Parasitism

Strangler Fig

Parasitism

Kinds of Biotic Components

1. Producers 2. Consumers (Macro-consumers) 3. Decomposers (Micro-consumers)

– auto-trophs/ self-productive

1. Producers

– herbivores, carnivore and omnivores

2. Consumers (Macro-consumers)

– saprotrophs

3. Decomposers (Micro-consumers)

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

FED SEC - Food Chain - Energy Flow - Diversity (Ecological Diversity) - Succession (Ecological Succession) - Evolution - Control (Ecological Control/Cybernetics)

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS For life to exist, the earth must constantly receive INPUTS = ENERGY from the SUN and make OUTPUTS = HEAT energy which are passed to outer space.

ENERGY FLOW

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS It is a series of feeding relationships between organisms that shows who eats whom.

FOOD CHAIN

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS A generalization that has grown from the studies of biotic communities is that species ASSORTEDNESS enhances STABILITY in an ecosystem.

ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS NATURE'S RICHNESS of life forms which include the number and degree of genes species and the ecosystem in a given assemblage Importance: ethical and aesthetic; economic; essential services provided by natural ecosystem

BIODIVERSITY

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS Refers to SEPARATIONS between organisms in space or time

STRATIFICATION

An ecosystem can be stratified in space either vertically = ________ or horizontally = _______ ______.

LAYERS CONCENTRIC CIRCLES

SPATIAL STRATIFICATION LAYERS:

ROOF, MIDDLE LAYER, LOWER AYER, FLOOR

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS happens over a long period of time which entails the CHANGES in the population’s collective genetic material, natural collection, nutrition, adaptive traits, differential reproduction

EVOLUTION

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS process whereby an ecosystem changes from simple community into a COMPLEX and relatively STABLE one

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS regulating itself based on information feedback; concept of limit range

Ecological Control/Cybernetics

INNER CIRCLE: SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM CAN PROVIDE (UNEP, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment)

SUPPORTING CULTURAL PROVISIONING REGULATING

MIDDLE CIRCLE: SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM CAN PROVIDE (UNEP, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment)

NUTRIENT CYCLING ( - ) ENERGY AND FRESH WATER WATER, CLIMATE, NATURAL HAZARD REGULATION

OUTER CIRCLE: SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM CAN PROVIDE (UNEP, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment)

PRIMARY PRODUCTION RECREATION AND ECOTOURISM CAPTURE FISHERIES WATER PURIFICATION & WASTE TREATMENT + DISEASE REGULATION

SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM. - ecosystem services that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services e.g. nutrient dispersal and cycling, seed dispersal, primary production

SUPPORTING SERVICES

SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM. - products obtained from ecosystems * food (including seafood and game), crops, wild foods, and spices, water, minerals (including diatomite) * pharmaceuticals, biochemicals, and industrial products * energy (hydropower, biomass fuels)

PROVISIONING SERVICES

SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM. - benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes, carbon sequestration and climate regulation, waste decomposition and detoxification, purification of water and air, crop pollination, pest and disease control

REGULATING SERVICES

SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM. - nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experiences * cultural, intellectual and spiritual inspiration, recreational experiences (including ecotourism) *scientific discovery

CULTURAL SERVICES

Natural Ecological Cycle (Geologic Cycle)

1. Tectonic Cycle 2. Hydrological Cycle 3. Biogeochemical Cycle 4. Rock Cycle

The grand system that includes all life forms and the areas on/in which they exist

ECOSPHERE

PARTS OF ECOSPHERE

Biosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Lithosphere