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HUME > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

” Ecology is the study of how the OCCUPANTS of the environment INTERACT “

A

Ernst Haeckel, 1869 in Miller, 1975

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2
Q

oikos =
logos =

A

house ; study of

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3
Q

German zoologist “science of the habitat”

A

Ernst Haeckel

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4
Q

ECOLOGY.

The scientific study of RELATIONSHIP of ________ organisms WITH EACH OTHER & their________.

“No living organism exists in _______.”

A

LIVING ; ENVIRONEMENT

ISOLATION

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5
Q

ECOLOGY.

The study of the _______ & ________ of NATURE.

A

STRUCTURE ; FUNCTION

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6
Q

“Humankind as part of nature.”

A

ODUM 1974

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7
Q

ECOLOGY.

“The study of the total FLOWS of _______ elements, ENERGY & WATER w/in a defined area, the INTERACTIONS of these flows with the _______ w/in & the __________ of all HUMAN’S ACTIVITIES on cycle flows & populations.

A

CHEMICAL; POPULATION ; EFFECT

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8
Q

RELATIONSHIP & INTERACTIONS.

BRITISH ECOLOGIST (1927) – “SCIENTIFIC NATURAL HISTORY” concerned with sociology and economics of animal

A

CHARLES ELTON

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9
Q

RELATIONSHIP & INTERACTIONS.

(1905) “the science of the COMMUNITY”

A

FREDERIC CLEMENTS

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10
Q

RELATIONSHIP & INTERACTIONS.

(1958) “ the science of the ENVIRONMENT”

A

KARL FRIEDRICH

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11
Q

Ecology is an ______ science.

A

INTEGRATIVE

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12
Q

INTEGRATIVE SCIENCE.

______ and _____ of all living organisms with each other and with their environment

______ and VARIETY among populations

_______ of BIODIVERSITY, including laws governing
communal living and sharing of resources

A

RELATIONSHIPS & INTERACTIONS
DIVERSITY
MAINTENANCE

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13
Q

3 major FEATURES OF ALL LIFE

A

VULNERABILITY
INTERDEPENDENCE
DIVERSITY

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14
Q

In 1892 she used Haeckel’s term “OEKOLOGY” to mean the science of the CONDITIONS of the health and WELL-BEING of everyday HUMAN LIFE, elaborated as human ecology in ______.

A

ELLEN SWALLOW RICHARDS
1907

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15
Q

It is the field of study in which the PRINCIPLES of ECOLOGY are APPLIED to man and his INTERACTION with the environment.

A

HUMAN ECOLOGY

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16
Q

HUMAN ECOLOGY.

The study of human ________ and _______ with the environment.

A

INTERRELATIONSHIPS ; INTERACTIONS

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17
Q

HUMAN ECOLOGY.

The study that seeks to understand HUMAN and his/her ______ by studying individuals and populations as _______ ENTITIES profoundly MODIFIED by _______.

A

PROBLEMS ; BIOLOGICAL ; CULTURE

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18
Q

HUMAN ECOLOGY.

The study of ECOSYSTEMS as they _____ and are ______ by human beings.

A

AFFECT ; AFFECTED

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19
Q

It is the STUDY of those settings mainly SETTLEMENTS, inhabited by those organisms called humans.

A

HUMAN ECOLOGY

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20
Q

3 SCALES OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A

INDIVIDUAL
FAMILY
COMMUNITY

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21
Q

“An INTERDISCIPLINARY approach to understanding human-environmental systems.”

A

Dr. Robert Dyball
Australia National University

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22
Q

Dr. Robert Dyball

It seeks to combine understanding of the ________ REALITIES of human existence (such as dependence on natural resources) with the _____ and _______ dimensions of HUMAN HEALTH and WELL-BEING.

A

BIOPHYSICAL ; SOCIAL ; PSYCHOLOGICAL

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23
Q

Human Ecology is all about ________ _________

A

RELATIONSHIPS CONNECTOR

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24
Q

HUME AS RELATIONSHIPS CONNECTOR

A

humans & their environment
actions & consequences
changes & adaptations

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25
Q

FOCUS: ECOLOGY VS HUMAN ECO

A

ecology
- Relationships of LIVING & NON-LIVING entities with
their environment

hume
- interactions of the SOCIAL environment with the PHYSICAL environment

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26
Q

ROLE: ECOLOGY VS HUMAN ECO

A

ecology
- SHAPED by their environment

hume
- SHAPER of and SHAPED by their environment

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27
Q

DISCIPLINARY BASE: ECOLOGY VS HUMAN ECO

A

ecology
- BIOPHYSICAL science

hume
- SOCIAL sciences, BIOPHYSICAL sciences, and ECOLOGY

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28
Q

HUMAN ECLOGY IS AN _____ SCIENCE

A

INTERDISCIPLINARY

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29
Q

HUMAN ECOLOGY is Concerned with the PROCESSES that limit and change this system over time

A

SUSTAINABILITY

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30
Q

HUMAN ECOLOGY is Concerned with the SOCIAL
DIMENSIONS of current or proposed alternate arrangements

A

FAIR, JUST, & ETHICAL ISSUES

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31
Q

HUMAN ECOLOGY.

Fundamental concern on _____ _____ and ____ _____

Improvement of WHAT, by what MEANS, and in whose INTEREST

A

ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY
SOCIAL JUSTICE

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32
Q

Ultimately, Human Ecology is motivated by CARE and
CONCERN for the _____. It seeks to imagine what it might be to live and do well in a HUMANE, SUSTAINABLE and worthwhile world and to invite and enthuse broader community commitment to work towards realizing those futures.

A

FUTURE

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33
Q

Human Ecological System Framework: INNER CIRCLE COMPONENTS

A

HUMAN SYSTEMS (individual, family, community)

ENVIRONMENT (biological, economic, social, technological, physical, cultural, political= BEST PCP)

34
Q

Human Ecological System Framework: OUTER CIRCLE COMPONENTS

A

ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
DEVELOPED HUMAN POTENTIALS
EMPOWERED ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS

35
Q

When we realize that we are _____ NOT _____ of CREATION then our natural resources will be wisely utilized

A

STEWARDS ; MASTERS

masters = get what they want at any cost
Stewards = carefully WEIGH GAINS against the loss such ‘gains’ may cause.

36
Q

______ not _______ of Life

When we recognize that there are other lives than our lives in this planet And that our lives and their lives are
INTERCONNECTED. Then we learn to be responsible in how we treat our natural resources For wanton destruction of the environment is disrespect for life and is sheer selfishness.

A

RESPECTERS ; DEFILERS

37
Q

_______ not mere _______ of nature then we will do whatever is necessary to CONSERVE our natural resources and PREVENT all forms of environmental abuse for it is one best way of giving back to life’s sustaining source.

A

DEFENDERS ; DEPENDENTS

38
Q

” to understand human ecology is to take the risk of stepping out of our disciplinal anchors”

A

MET Mendoza

39
Q

“The heart of change is a change of heart”

A

John kotter

40
Q

5 LEVELS OF ECOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

A
  1. ORAGNISM
  2. POPULATIONS
  3. COMMUNITY
  4. ECOSYSTEM
  5. ECOSPHERE
41
Q

occupies a place of area

A

habitat

42
Q

resource it needs to survive

A

niche

43
Q

3 characteristics of an organism

A
  • Anything that is LIVING
  • Occupies a place of area called HABITAT
  • Has a NICHE : the resources it
    needs to survive
44
Q

Group of interbreeding organisms living within a specific area (e.g flock of birds)

A

POPULATIONS

45
Q

Characteristics of a population

A
  • Size
  • Extends through time, contraction and expansion
46
Q

A number of populations of different organisms that occupy & interact in a given area (e.g. Berber)

A

Community

47
Q
  • Any defined area of nature that includes living organisms & non-living substances interacting with each other
A

Ecosystem

48
Q

A major unit of Ecology

A

ECOSYSTEM

49
Q

ECO = _______ to the environment

SYSTEM = a _______ of RELATED PARTS that function as a ______ (Smith and Smith, 2002)

A

RELATES
COLLECTION ; UNIT

50
Q

COMPONENTS OF AN ECOSYSTEM

A
  1. STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
  2. FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS
51
Q

STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

A
  1. Non-living (abiotic) components
  2. Living (biotic) components
52
Q

STRUCTURAL COMPONENT.

Types of Relationship

A

a. Predator-prey interaction
b. Commensalism
c. Mutualism
d. Parasitism

53
Q

one organism serves as the food source for another

A

a. Predator-prey interaction

54
Q

– relationship between species that is beneficial to one, but neutral or of no benefit to the other

A

b. Commensalism

55
Q

beneficial to both organisms; the interaction
is necessary for the survival and growth of each species

A

c. Mutualism

56
Q

interaction between two species in which one
benefits at the expense of the other organism (parasite-host)

A

d. Parasitism

57
Q

Strangler Fig

A

Parasitism

58
Q

Kinds of Biotic Components

A
  1. Producers
  2. Consumers (Macro-consumers)
  3. Decomposers (Micro-consumers)
59
Q

– auto-trophs/ self-productive

A
  1. Producers
60
Q

– herbivores, carnivore and omnivores

A
  1. Consumers (Macro-consumers)
61
Q

– saprotrophs

A
  1. Decomposers (Micro-consumers)
62
Q

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

A

FED SEC

  • Food Chain
  • Energy Flow
  • Diversity (Ecological Diversity)
  • Succession (Ecological Succession)
  • Evolution
  • Control (Ecological Control/Cybernetics)
63
Q

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

For life to exist, the earth must constantly receive INPUTS = ENERGY from the SUN and make OUTPUTS = HEAT energy which are passed to outer space.

A

ENERGY FLOW

64
Q

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

It is a series of feeding relationships between organisms that shows who eats whom.

A

FOOD CHAIN

65
Q

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

A generalization that has grown from the studies of biotic communities is that species ASSORTEDNESS enhances STABILITY in an ecosystem.

A

ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

66
Q

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

NATURE’S RICHNESS of life forms which include the number and degree of genes species and the ecosystem in a given assemblage

Importance: ethical and aesthetic; economic; essential services provided by natural ecosystem

A

BIODIVERSITY

67
Q

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

Refers to SEPARATIONS between organisms in space or time

A

STRATIFICATION

68
Q

An ecosystem can be stratified in space either vertically = ________ or horizontally = _______ ______.

A

LAYERS
CONCENTRIC CIRCLES

69
Q

SPATIAL STRATIFICATION LAYERS:

A

ROOF, MIDDLE LAYER, LOWER AYER, FLOOR

70
Q

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

happens over a long period of time which entails the CHANGES in the population’s collective genetic material, natural collection, nutrition, adaptive traits, differential reproduction

A

EVOLUTION

71
Q

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

process whereby an ecosystem changes from simple community into a COMPLEX and relatively STABLE one

A

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

72
Q

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

regulating itself based on information feedback; concept of limit range

A

Ecological Control/Cybernetics

73
Q

INNER CIRCLE: SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM CAN PROVIDE (UNEP, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment)

A

SUPPORTING
CULTURAL
PROVISIONING
REGULATING

74
Q

MIDDLE CIRCLE: SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM CAN PROVIDE (UNEP, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment)

A

NUTRIENT CYCLING
( - )
ENERGY AND FRESH WATER
WATER, CLIMATE, NATURAL HAZARD REGULATION

75
Q

OUTER CIRCLE: SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM CAN PROVIDE (UNEP, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment)

A

PRIMARY PRODUCTION
RECREATION AND ECOTOURISM
CAPTURE FISHERIES
WATER PURIFICATION & WASTE TREATMENT + DISEASE REGULATION

76
Q

SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM.

  • ecosystem services that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services

e.g. nutrient dispersal and cycling, seed dispersal, primary production

A

SUPPORTING SERVICES

77
Q

SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM.

  • products obtained from ecosystems
  • food (including seafood and game), crops, wild foods,
    and spices, water, minerals (including diatomite)
  • pharmaceuticals, biochemicals, and industrial products
  • energy (hydropower, biomass fuels)
A

PROVISIONING SERVICES

78
Q

SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM.

  • benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes, carbon sequestration and climate regulation, waste decomposition and detoxification, purification of water and air, crop pollination, pest and disease control
A

REGULATING SERVICES

79
Q

SERVICES AN ECOSYSTEM.

  • nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experiences
  • cultural, intellectual and spiritual inspiration,
    recreational experiences (including ecotourism)
    *scientific discovery
A

CULTURAL SERVICES

80
Q

Natural Ecological Cycle (Geologic Cycle)

A
  1. Tectonic Cycle
  2. Hydrological Cycle
  3. Biogeochemical Cycle
  4. Rock Cycle
81
Q

The grand system that includes all life forms and the areas on/in which they exist

A

ECOSPHERE

82
Q

PARTS OF ECOSPHERE

A

Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Lithosphere

HUME (6 decks)

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