LECTURE 3.3 HUME AS A PERSPECTIVE

Question 1

A way of looking at or thinking about something.

Answer 1

PERSPECTIVE

Question 2

THREE Worldview in Human Ecology

Answer 2

A. Primary Perspective: Man as part of Nature
B. Counter Perspective: Man apart from Nature
C. Tragedy of Commons

Question 3

_____ PERSPECTIVE

“DIVIDING the person and environment into discrete elements is NOT THE GOAL of this perspective.”
He believed that EACH ENTITY acts to define the other and is thus INTERCONNECTED.

Answer 3

A. PRIMARY Perspective: Man as part of Nature
HARTIG (1993)

Question 4

_____ PERSPECTIVE

“People should stop putting borders between themselves and nature.”
He stated that in order to successfully protect the whole environment and not just small parts of it, one must eliminate ______-_______ barriers.

Answer 4

A. PRIMARY Perspective: Man as part of Nature
CRONON (1995)
HUMAN-PERCEIVED BARRIERS

Question 5

_____ PERSPECTIVE

He argued that an individual’s level of CONCERN for the environment is DIRECTLY RELATED to the sense of ________ the individual feels with NATURE.

Answer 5

A. PRIMARY Perspective: Man as part of Nature
SCHULTZ (2000)
CONNECTEDNESS

Question 6

The ENLIGHTENMENT period brought feelings of domination over nature.

Answer 6

B. Counter Perspective: Man apart from Nature

Question 7

“The controlling image of Enlightenment is the transformation from desert wilderness to CULTIVATED GARDEN.”

Answer 7

MERCHANT (1996)

Question 8

B. Counter Perspective: Man apart from Nature

Increasing focus on a ______ and _____ approach to nature came developments in science and technology.

Answer 8

SCIENTIFIC & EMPIRICAL

Question 9

“Advances in scientific knowledge drove the twin forces of INDUSTRIALIZATION and URBANIZATION to further split humans from their environments”

Answer 9

FRANKLIN (1999)

Question 10

WHO CREATED THE Four Major Assumptions OF TRAGEDY OF COMMONS

Answer 10

GARETT HARDIN

Question 11

FOUR MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS OF TRAGEDY OF COMMONS

Answer 11

1. A FINITE WORLD can only support a finite population.
2. Individuals are assumed to be short-term SELF-INTERESTED, “rational” actors, which seeks to maximise personal gain.
3. With high population density, the system of
   “commons” in BREEDING must be abandoned.
4. To convince people to apply a system of COERCION.

Question 12

in only one sense and that is –_______ of environmental resources and amenities.

Answer 12

CONSERVATIVE

Question 13

“The principles of ecology threatened many assumptions
and practices existing in the social order.”

Answer 13

PAUL SEARS

Question 14

Ophuls, Calleja, Shepard and McKinley, and HWA Yol Jung

HUME stops at nothing until basic changes are made.
This can even mean threatening the status quo. e.g. “topple sources of power”, “redistribute power”; “uprooting system of values”

Answer 14

SUBERSIVE