Lecture 3.1 HUME History Flashcards
Five ecological phases
PEEMP
Primeval
Early Farming
Early Urban
Modern Industrial
Post Modern Industrial
Phase 1: Primeval Phase
◆________ years ago
◆Survival: HUNTING wild animals & GATHERING wild plants
◆ _________ as the most WORKABLE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION (extended)
◆Living in SMALL tribes and_____ together
◆MALES and FEMALES shared work, food and power in social groups
500,000
FAMILY
TRAVELED
CHARACTERISTICS OF Phase 1: Primeval Phase
- Discovery and invention of simple technologies
- Nomadic Lifestyle
- Use of Language
- Spread of Human Species
characteristics Phase 1: Primeval Phase
- _______ were first to use FIRE and create sophisticated STONE TOOLS
HOMO ERECTUS
characteristics Phase 1: Primeval Phase
-_______ made TOOLS out of ROCKS
HOMO HABILIS
Evolution of Man
Australopithecus
Homo Habilis
Homo Erectus
Homo Sapiens neanderthalensis
Homo sapiens sapiens
characteristics Phase 1: Primeval Phase
- learned to ANTICIPATE the SEASON and FIND WATER in desert
- discovery of PLANTS that can be eaten or used as MEDICINE
- Nomadic Lifestyle
characteristics Phase 1: Primeval Phase
- family became better united
- SOCIAL RELATIONS were established
- Use of Language
characteristics Phase 1: Primeval Phase
- conscious efforts to keep balanced
population size and available food supplies - Population control practices:
- INFANTICIDE, GERONTICIDE, ABORTION, LATE MARRIAGE, BREASTFEEDING
- Spread of Human Species
PHASE 2: Early Farming Phase
◆______ to _____ years ago
◆Shift to settled _________ COMMUNITIES
◆Shift from food GATHERER to food _____
◆family shifted from a small NUCLEAR type to ______ TYPE with many ______ groups united for the common good
◆More to be gained by _______
10,000-12,000
AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCER
EXTENDED ; KINSHIP
COOPERATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHASE 2: EARLY FARMING PHASE
- Food producers
- Settlement of Agricultural Communities
- Trade Routes Developed
- Use of extrasomatic energy
characteristics PHASE 2: Early Farming Phase
- _________
- discovery of FARMING
- practice of ______ & _____ culture
- practice of _______ FARMING
- FISHERMEN, HERDSMEN
- Food producers
SLASH & BURN
SUBSISTENCE
characteristics PHASE 2: Early Farming Phase
- Settlement of ______ _______
- establishment of permanent housing structures made
of ________
- ACCUMULATION of MATERIAL things
- formation of VILLAGES to TOWNS and CITIES (centers of
trade, government and religion)
- ______ & ______: causes of ILL HEALTH and DEATH
- Settlement of Agricultural Communities
SUN-DRIED CLAY
MALARIA & SCHISTOSOMIASIS
characteristics PHASE 2: Early Farming Phase
- making products through weaving, pottery, leather
making in exchange for FOOD - used FIRE to manufacture products made from METAL
- Trade Routes Developed
characteristics PHASE 2: Early Farming Phase
- discovery of _______ ______ (used for SAILING boats)
EXTRASOMATIC ENERGY
PHASE 3: Early Urban Phase
◆By _______ B.C., village farming communities from
200-500 people were found in parts of ______
◆First URBAN CIVILIZATION developed in _______
(population ranging from 5,000-20,000)
◆Most people did not produce ______
5,000 ; MESOPOTAMIA
SUMARIA
FOOD
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHASE 3: EARLY URBAN PHASE
- Presence of Written Language
- Existence of more permanent urban centers
- Deliberate Altercation and Domination of Environment
- Period of Great Civilization
- Wars brought about by thirst for power & control
over territories
characteristics PHASE 3: EARLY URBAN PHASE
- RECORDING of HISTORY and KNOWLEDGE transmission
- Presence of Written Language
characteristics PHASE 3: EARLY URBAN PHASE
- former farmers moved to cities and became SOLDIERS & ADMIISTRATORS
- giving of allegiance, service and much of their identity
to the group in order to survive - _________ became medium of exchange replacing the
barter system
- Existence of more permanent urban centers
MONEY
characteristics PHASE 3: EARLY URBAN PHASE
- more land cultivated
- humans over animals
- invention of WATERMILL and WINDMILL X2 PRODUCTION
- Deliberate Altercation and Domination of Environment
characteristics PHASE 3: EARLY URBAN PHASE
- significant contribution in the arts, literature, science &
government - HIGH LITERACY rates in the society
- Period of Great Civilization
characteristics PHASE 3: EARLY URBAN PHASE
- individuals, groups, or societies competed to own or CONTROL land and water systems
- Armies and their leaders rose to power and took over large areas of land
- overgrazing, widespread destruction of forests and poor farming practices changed many fruitful regions into barren landscapes
- Wars brought about by thirst for power & control
over territories
◆ INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (England, mid-1700s; US, 1800s)
◆ Major shift from SMALL-scale to LARGE-scale PRODUCTION
◆ Increased production, trade, distribution of goods
◆ NUCLEAR FAMILY became the most common form of
organization again
PHASE 4: Modern Industrial Phase
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHASE 4: MODERN INDUSTRIAL PHASE
- Invention of Machines and Manufacturing Processes
Powered by Extrasomatic Energy - Natural Biogeochemical Cycles are No Longer intact
- Discovery of Synthetic Chemical Substances
- Discovery of New Medicines and Better Control of
infectious Diseases
