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GSELF > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

This is finding answers to serious questions about ourselves and the world we live in. It is questioning existing knowledge and intuitions to get closer to the truth.

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

What are the root words of the word Philosophy?

A

From the word Philosophia
Philo meaning love
Sophia meaning knowledge or wisdom

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3
Q

What is the essence of man according to Ancient Greek philosophers?

A

The perfection of the soul.

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4
Q

What is psyche?

A

The soul

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5
Q

The psyche or the soul is also regarded as the ?

A

Self

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6
Q

He said that “the unexamined life is not worth living”

A

Socrates

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7
Q

What does “every man is dualistic” mean?

A

It means that we all have a body and a soul.

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8
Q

What are the dichotomous realms?

A

The physical realm and the ideal realm

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9
Q

Plato said that human behavior flows from three main sources, what are these?

A

Desire
Emotion
Knowledge

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10
Q

According to Plato, the examination of the self is a ________ experience.

A

Unique

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11
Q

What are the 3 elements of the psyche, according to Plato?

A

The Appetitive
The Spirited
The Mind

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12
Q

This consists of one’s pleasures, desires, physical satisfactions, and comforts. It basically holds all those relevant to sustaining a comfortable environment.

A

The appetitive

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13
Q

This is the motivated element, which fights back to ensure that the appetitive is controlled.

A

The Spirited

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14
Q

This is the most superior element of the psyche, which controls how the self is expressed. To do this, it controls the appetitive and spirited elements, thus striking a balance between the two and resulting in more realistic behavior.

A

The mind

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15
Q

According to him, the self develops through self-presentation and self-realization.

A

St. Augustine

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16
Q

What is the relationship of body and soul according to St. Augustine?

A

The body is a snare or cage

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17
Q

What is the unified perspective of body and soul according to St Augustine?

A

Body is the spouse of the soul.

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18
Q

He said “I think therefore I am”

A

Rene Descartes

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19
Q

He said that to understand the self, the rational method should be used. He is a pioneer of Rationalism.

A

Rene Descartes

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20
Q

This is the method where the self exists as unmakes use of rational thought or when one thinks.

A

Rational Method

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21
Q

This concept states that everything must be subjected to doubt or that everything should be questioned. It is a way of searching for certainty by systematically and tentatively doubting everything.

A

Methodic Doubt

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22
Q

This is the primary condition for the existence of self according to Rene Descartes.

A

Human rationality

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23
Q

He was an advocate of Empiricism.

A

John Locke

24
Q

This explains how the self starts out as an empty space. This empty space is then filled with the experiences one has each and every day, where such experiences are necessary for sense data - what one sees, hears, smells, tastes, touches. These sense data are then perceived or given meaning, and so the empty space is filled with knowledge of the self.

A

Tabula Rasa

25
Q

He highlighted the capability of man to learn from experience, and process different perceptions skillfully to form more complex ideas.

A

John Locke

26
Q

For him, experience comes before knowledge.

A

John Locke

27
Q

He said that “there is no self.”

A

David Hume

28
Q

What did David Hume mean by “there is no self?”

A

One’s physical characteristics, educational pursuits, and even basic information like one’s
name and address can change. The self, then, cannot exist if information about it is
temporary. Even everyday decisions can change.

29
Q

He synthesized the rationalist and empiricist views. He proposed that the self is always
transcendental.

A

Immanuel Kant

30
Q

He said that the self perceives ideas, and they connect the self and the world.

A

Immanuel Kant

31
Q

He contended that the self is the “I” that
constitutes both mental and physical actions, with the “I” being a product of multiple interacting processes.

A

Sigmund Freud

32
Q

What are the two models that Freud proposed to understand the self?

A

Topographical Model
Structural Model

33
Q

This model explains how the “I” is both conscious and unconscious.

A

Topographical Model

34
Q

In Freud’s topographical model, what are the different levels of consciousness?

A

Conscious level
Subconscious level
Unconscious level

35
Q

At this level, one is aware of thoughts, feelings, and perceptions. These are easily identified and known by the person.

A

Conscious level

36
Q

This level consists of those that one is able to easily remember and bring into awareness, such as usual memories and stored knowledge.

A

Subconscious level

37
Q

This level houses those that one has either repressed or forgotten. It consists of those which are unacceptable, undesirable, or painful.

A

Unconscious level

38
Q

He stated that to come to a complete understanding and awareness of the self, the contents of the unconscious should be made conscious, where recognition and acceptance of all experiences are present.

A

Sigmund Freud

39
Q

This model looks into the structures of personality or the self, as Freud proposed.

A

Structural model

40
Q

What are the three structures of the structural model?

A

The id, ego, and superego

41
Q

This structure is the primitive or instinctive component, which consists of one’s primal urges and wants. In children, this is the most dominant.

A

Id

42
Q

This structure is the reality principle, and balances the id and superego.

A

Ego

43
Q

This structure synthesized the values and morals of society and includes one’s conscience.

A

Superego

44
Q

He said that “the self is multi-layered”

A

Sigmund Freud

45
Q

He stated that the self may be understood
based on the external manifestations - actions, language, expressions – of a person. Here, physical actions or behaviors are dispositions of the self.

A

Gilbert Ryle

46
Q

He said “I act therefore I am”

A

Gilbert Ryle

47
Q

He said “I live in my body.”

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

48
Q

He developed a phenomenological
view of the self.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

49
Q

Maurice Merleau-Ponty said that a phenomenological rhythm explains the
perception of the self, and this involves three dimensions. What are these dimensions?

A

The empiricist view
The idealist-intellectual alternative,
The synthesis of both views

50
Q

Merleau’s concept which refers to an entity that can never be objectified or known in a completely objective sort of way.

A

Lived body

51
Q

He said that the “I” is a single integrated entity; a blending of mental, physical, and emotional - structured around a core identity: the self.

A

Merleau-Ponty

52
Q

They said that “brains are not magical; they are causal machines.”

A

Paul and Patricia Churchland

53
Q

The Churchlands brought ____________ into the fore of understanding the self.

A

neuroscience

54
Q

This concept of the Churchlands explains how mental concepts are mistaken and do not adequately allow people to know about what is going on with themselves.

A

Eliminative Materialism

55
Q

The Churchlands suggested that to understand the self one should go for these scans to have a view of the brains present condition.

A

MRI or Magnetic Resonance Imaging
CT Scan or Computed Tomography Scan

GSELF (8 decks)

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